National Documentation Packages (NDPs) are lists of public documents that provide information on country conditions. Updates occur on a regular basis.
NDPs support the refugee determination process. They do not imply recognition of a particular territory's sovereignty or political status.
NDPs include Responses to Information Requests (RIRs) published by the IRB on its website which may have attachments that are inaccessible due to technical constraints and may include translations of documents originally written in languages other than English or French. To obtain a copy of such attachments and/or translated version of the
RIR attachments, please
email us.
Jurisprudential Guides Notes
Jurisprudential Guides Notes
On
July 28, 2022, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide:
-
Decision TC1 05038 – The proper interpretation of the ‘generalized risk’ exception to protection found at subparagraph 97(1)(b)(ii) of the Act, in claims for protection involving allegations of gang-targeting or other acts of criminality.
On
December 22, 2020, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide.
-
Decision MB8-00025 – This Jurisprudential Guide addresses, in applying Article 1E of the Refugee Convention, whether members should consider allegations of risk in a country of residence if they conclude that a refugee claimant has the rights and obligations which are attached to the possession of nationality in that country.
On
July 6, 2018, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide.
-
Decision TB7-19851 – Nigeria – This Jurisprudential Guide addresses internal flight alternatives in major cities in south and central Nigeria for claimants fleeing non-state actors.
Revoked
The country documentation referenced in each of these decisions has been included in s.16 of the updated National Documentation Packages published on July 10, 2018.
On
July 20, 2017, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being
Jurisprudential Guides.
-
Decision TB7-01837 – Pakistan – Whether the treatment experienced by Ahmadis in Pakistan amounts to persecution, whether state protection is available and whether there is a viable internal flight alternative.
-
Decision MB6-01059/60 – India – Availability of an internal flight alternative in India for claimants from Punjab.
Revoked
-
Decision TB6-11632 – China – Analysis of the efficacy of the Chinese national computer network known as the Golden Shield Project and its impact on whether a person wanted by the authorities can exit China via an airport using a genuine passport.
Revoked
The country documentation referenced in each of these decisions has been included in s.16 of the updated National Documentation Packages published on July 20, 2017.
Back
31 July 2023
COLOMBIA
List of Documents
1.
General Information and Maps
Source:
United Nations. Geospatial Information Section.
Date of Document:
March 2016
Accessed Date:
26 August 2021
Title:
Colombia's illegal armed groups (maps)
Date of Document:
3 October 2021
Accessed Date:
12 August 2022
Title:
Colombie. L'Encyclopédie en ligne.
Accessed Date:
14 November 2012
Title:
Resguardos y Grupos Indígenas y Títulos Afro-Colombianos
Source:
United Nations. Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs.
Accessed Date:
16 April 2015
Title:
Colombia. The World Factbook.
Source:
United States. Central Intelligence Agency.
Date of Document:
16 August 2022
Accessed Date:
18 August 2022
Title:
Colombia. Humanitarian Needs Overview 2022 (Summary).
Source:
United Nations. Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs.
Date of Document:
February 2022
Accessed Date:
12 August 2022
Title:
UNHCR Eligibility Guidelines for Assessing the International Protection Needs of Asylum-Seekers from Colombia
Source:
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
Date of Document:
September 2015
Accessed Date:
26 October 2015
Title:
Colombia: Fact-Finding Mission Report: Conflict Dynamics in the Post-FARC-EP Period and State Protection
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
March 2020
Accessed Date:
25 May 2020
Title:
Colombia: Background and U.S. Relations
Source:
United States. Congressional Research Service.
Date of Document:
16 December 2021
Accessed Date:
12 August 2022
Title:
Colombia. BTI 2022 Country Report.
Date of Document:
February 2022
Accessed Date:
12 August 2022
Title:
Présentation de la Colombie
Source:
France. Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères.
Date of Document:
2 March 2022
Accessed Date:
12 August 2022
Title:
Colombia. Social Security Programs Throughout the World: The Americas, 2019.
Source:
United States. Social Security Administration.
Date of Document:
March 2020
Accessed Date:
26 August 2021
Title:
Availability and accessibility of mental health services, particularly in Bogotá, Cartagena and Barranquilla; treatment of individuals with mental illness by society and by the authorities; state protection, including recourse and complaint mechanism...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
11 August 2021
Accessed Date:
25 August 2021
Title:
Colombia. Risk report: Escalation in violence between non-state armed groups in Putumayo significantly increases displacement, confinement, and protection needs.
Source:
Assessment Capacities Project
Date of Document:
31 March 2022
Accessed Date:
12 August 2022
Title:
Colombia. Impact of the armed conflict on children and youth.
Source:
Assessment Capacities Project
Date of Document:
31 March 2022
Accessed Date:
12 August 2022
Source:
Assessment Capacities Project
Date of Document:
8 March 2022
Accessed Date:
12 August 2022
Title:
A Broken Canopy: Preventing Deforestation and Conflict in Colombia. Latin America Report N°91.
Source:
International Crisis Group
Date of Document:
4 November 2021
Accessed Date:
12 August 2022
Title:
Colombia/Venezuela: Border Area Abuses by Armed Groups
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
28 March 2022
Accessed Date:
12 August 2022
Title:
Colombia. Violence in Arauca department.
Source:
Assessment Capacities Project
Date of Document:
31 January 2022
Accessed Date:
12 August 2022
Source:
Assessment Capacities Project
Date of Document:
18 February 2022
Accessed Date:
12 August 2022
Title:
The city of Tunja, including its security situation and the presence of armed and criminal groups; access to housing, employment, education, and health services (2020–February 2022)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
11 March 2022
Accessed Date:
12 August 2022
Title:
Colombia. Civic Freedom Monitor.
Source:
International Center for Not-for-Profit Law
Date of Document:
24 June 2022
Accessed Date:
17 August 2022
Title:
Colombia. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2022.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
20 March 2023
Accessed Date:
28 July 2023
Title:
Colombia. World Report 2022: Events of 2021.
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
January 2022
Accessed Date:
12 August 2022
Title:
United Nations Verification Mission in Colombia: Report of the Secretary-General
Source:
United Nations. Security Council.
Date of Document:
28 March 2022
Accessed Date:
12 August 2022
Title:
Colombia. Amnesty International Report 2021/22: The State of the World's Human Rights.
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
29 March 2022
Accessed Date:
12 August 2022
Title:
Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights on the situation of human rights in Colombia
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
17 May 2022
Accessed Date:
12 August 2022
Title:
Colombia. Freedom in the World 2022.
Accessed Date:
12 August 2022
Title:
We are Defenders Programme (Programa Somos Defensores), including objectives, members and activities; treatment of members, including instances of violence
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
16 November 2016
Accessed Date:
20 April 2017
Title:
Colombia: Human Rights and the Peace Agreement: Amnesty International Submission for the UN Universal Periodic Review, 30th Session of the UPR Working Group, May 2018
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
26 October 2017
Accessed Date:
13 April 2018
Title:
Left Undefended: Killings of Rights Defenders in Colombia's Remote Communities
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
10 February 2021
Author:
Nathalye Cotrino Villarreal; Juan Pappier
Editor:
José Miguel Vivanco et al.
Accessed Date:
26 August 2021
Title:
Women defenders of agricultural, territorial, and environmental rights in Colombia: Risking their lives for peace
Source:
OXFAM International
Date of Document:
2 October 2019
Accessed Date:
13 May 2020
Title:
Colombia. Chapter V: Follow-up of Recommendations issued by the IACHR in its Country or Thematic Reports. Annual Report 2021.
Source:
Organization of American States. Inter-American Commission on Human Rights.
Accessed Date:
12 August 2022
Title:
Violations of Afro-Colombian women's human rights: A report for the United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
Source:
Proceso de Comunidades Negras et al.
Date of Document:
23 September 2019
Accessed Date:
13 May 2020
Title:
Report of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders on his visit to Colombia
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
26 December 2019
Accessed Date:
13 May 2020
Title:
National report submitted in accordance with paragraph 5 of the annex to Human Rights Council resolution 16/21: Colombia
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/30/COL/1
Date of Document:
26 February 2018
Accessed Date:
23 April 2019
Title:
Compilation on Colombia
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/30/COL/2
Source:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Date of Document:
12 March 2018
Accessed Date:
23 April 2019
Title:
Summary of Stakeholders' submissions on Colombia
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/30/COL/3
Source:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Date of Document:
12 March 2018
Accessed Date:
23 April 2019
Title:
Report on the Situation of Human Rights Defenders and Social Leaders in Colombia
Source:
Organization of American States. Inter-American Commission on Human Rights.
Date of Document:
6 December 2019
Accessed Date:
22 May 2020
Title:
Why do they want to kill us? Lack of safe space to defend human rights in Colombia
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
8 October 2020
Accessed Date:
26 August 2021
Title:
Colombia. Chapter IV.A: Human Rights Development in the Region. Annual Report 2021.
Source:
Organization of American States. Inter-American Commission on Human Rights.
Accessed Date:
12 August 2022
Title:
The Pandemic Strikes: Responding to Colombia's Mass Protests. Latin America Report N°90.
Source:
International Crisis Group
Date of Document:
2 July 2021
Accessed Date:
12 August 2022
Title:
Post-war Violence against Human Rights Defenders and State Protection in Colombia. Journal of Human Rights Practice.
Source:
Journal of Human Rights Practice
Date of Document:
July 2021
Accessed Date:
12 August 2022
Title:
United Nations Verification Mission in Colombia: Report of the Secretary-General
Source:
United Nations. Security Council.
Date of Document:
27 June 2022
Accessed Date:
12 August 2022
Title:
Colombia. V Annual Report of the Office of the Special Rapporteur on Economic, Social, Cultural, and Environmental Rights (REDESCA) of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR), 2021.
Code:
OEA/Ser.L/V/II Doc. 64 rev. 1
Source:
Organization of American States. Inter-American Commission on Human Rights.
Date of Document:
26 May 2022
Accessed Date:
12 August 2022
Title:
Call for a Great Peace: Declaration of the Commission for the Clarification of Truth, Coexistence and Non-Repetition
Source:
Commission for the Clarification of Truth, Coexistence and Non-Repetition
Accessed Date:
12 August 2022
Title:
Cali: In the epicenter of repression: Human rights violations during the 2021 national strike in Cali, Colombia
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
30 July 2021
Accessed Date:
12 August 2022
3.
Identification Documents and Citizenship
Title:
Driver's licences, including format and process to obtain one; renewal process, including whether it can be done outside the country
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
3 April 2013
Accessed Date:
26 April 2013
Title:
Title III, Chapters 1-4 of the Constitution of Colombia, 1991
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
7 April 2014
Accessed Date:
28 April 2014
Title:
Report on Citizenship Law: Colombia
Source:
European University Institute. European Union Democracy Observatory on Citizenship.
Date of Document:
May 2015
Accessed Date:
11 April 2016
Title:
Requirements and procedures to obtain a biometric passport from within Colombia and abroad, including requirements and procedures to replace a lost or stolen passport and to renew an expired passport; appearance and security features of the passport...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
11 April 2016
Accessed Date:
28 April 2016
Title:
Requirements and procedures for obtaining a medical report within Colombia as well as from abroad; whether medical reports can be obtained through a proxy; if so, requirements and procedures; whether there is a national standard format for medical...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
4 January 2012
Accessed Date:
14 November 2012
Title:
Colombia. U.S. Visa: Reciprocity and Civil Documents by Country.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Accessed Date:
17 August 2022
Title:
Requirements and procedures for a person born in another country to Colombian parents to acquire citizenship; requirements and procedures for the spouse and child of a citizen to obtain permanent residency; rights and social benefits available...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
9 July 2014
Accessed Date:
20 April 2015
Title:
V. Colombia. Born in the Americas: The Promise and Practice of Nationality Laws in Brazil, Chile, and Colombia.
Source:
Open Society Foundations. Open Society Justice Initiative.
Date of Document:
March 2017
Accessed Date:
24 April 2017
Title:
Colombia and Venezuela: Whether Colombian citizenship is transmitted through both parents and whether both parents are required to provide identification documents; alternative application procedures when one parent is estranged from the child...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
1 May 2020
Accessed Date:
29 May 2020
Title:
Prevalence of fraudulent documents, including whether genuine documents can be obtained using false information; reports of fraudulent documents such as letters of employment, letters about community activism or involvement in a teacher's ...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
19 November 2019
Accessed Date:
25 May 2020
Title:
Colombia and Venezuela: Whether a Venezuelan national who was born to a Colombian parent has the right to Colombian nationality; requirements and procedures for a Venezuelan national to access Colombian nationality (2016-May 2018)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
23 May 2018
Accessed Date:
29 May 2018
Source:
Colombia. Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
Accessed Date:
26 August 2021
Title:
The Right to Have Rights: A Debate on Nationality in Colombia
Date of Document:
6 June 2020
Author:
Lucía Ramírez Bolívar; Silvia Ruiz
Accessed Date:
26 August 2021
Title:
Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs), including relocation options available to IDPs; whether IDPs are issued documents that indicate their status, including requirements and procedures to obtain copies of these documents (2020–January 2022)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
7 February 2022
Accessed Date:
12 August 2022
Title:
Requirements and procedures to obtain a national ID card [citizenship card] (cédula de ciudadanía, cédula); content, appearance, and security features; stolen cards and whether an individual with the stolen card has access to other ...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
7 March 2022
Accessed Date:
12 August 2022
4.
Political Activities and Organizations
Title:
Republic of Colombia. Election for President (Second Round) of 19 June 2022.
Source:
International Foundation for Electoral Systems. Election Guide.
Accessed Date:
12 August 2022
Title:
Citing extermination plan, FARC members and families abandon reintegration site
Date of Document:
31 January 2020
Accessed Date:
13 May 2020
Title:
Chronicle of a Threat Foretold: the ex-FARC Mafia
Date of Document:
11 November 2019
Author:
Juan Diego Cárdenas et al.
Accessed Date:
13 May 2020
Title:
National Liberation Army
Source:
Stanford University. Mapping Militant Organizations.
Date of Document:
July 2019
Accessed Date:
13 May 2020
Title:
Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia
Source:
Stanford University. Mapping Militant Organizations.
Date of Document:
July 2019
Accessed Date:
19 May 2020
Title:
Republic of Colombia. Election for Camara de Representantes (Colombian House of Representatives) of 13 March 2022.
Source:
International Foundation for Electoral Systems. Election Guide.
Accessed Date:
23 August 2022
Title:
The Missing Peace: Colombia's New Government and Last Guerillas. Latin America Report N°68.
Source:
International Crisis Group
Date of Document:
12 July 2018
Accessed Date:
23 April 2019
Title:
Major Implications of Former FARC Leadership Returning to War
Date of Document:
29 August 2019
Author:
Juan Diego Posada
Accessed Date:
19 May 2020
Title:
The Conservative Party of Colombia (Partido Conservador Colombiano, PCC), including mandate and platform; activities of the PCC in Santiago de Cali related to social programs funded or run by the PCC for former members of the guerrilla and th...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
11 April 2014
Accessed Date:
20 April 2015
Title:
Calming the Restless Pacific: Violence and Crime on Colombia's Coast
Source:
International Crisis Group
Date of Document:
8 August 2019
Accessed Date:
19 May 2020
Title:
From Old Battles to New Challenges in Colombia. Divisive Politics and Democratic Dangers in Latin America.
Source:
Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
Date of Document:
17 February 2021
Author:
Angelika Rettberg
Accessed Date:
26 August 2021
Title:
Colombie : dissidents FARC et protection de l'État
Source:
Swiss Refugee Council
Date of Document:
2 December 2021
Accessed Date:
12 August 2022
Title:
A Fight by Other Means: Keeping the Peace with Colombia's FARC. Latin America Report N°92.
Source:
International Crisis Group
Date of Document:
30 November 2021
Accessed Date:
12 August 2022
Title:
Colombia's Election Clash Rattles a Fragile Peace
Source:
International Crisis Group
Date of Document:
24 May 2022
Author:
Elizabeth Dickinson
Accessed Date:
12 August 2022
Title:
Colombia: Presidential Elections in 2022. Insight.
Source:
United States. Congressional Research Service.
Date of Document:
24 June 2022
Accessed Date:
16 August 2022
5.
Gender, Domestic Violence and Children
Title:
Colombia. Social Institutions and Gender Index 2019.
Source:
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development
Date of Document:
7 December 2018
Accessed Date:
11 June 2020
Title:
Ninth periodic report of Colombia under article 18 of the Convention, due in 2017
Date of Document:
4 December 2017
Accessed Date:
13 April 2018
Title:
Access to justice for women victims of sexual violence. Sixth Monitoring Report on Auto 092 of 2008 and the First Monitoring Report on Auto 009 of 2015 of the Constitutional Court - Confidential Annexes.
Source:
The Working Group to monitor compliance with Constitutional Court Auto 092 and 009 and its Confidential Annexes
Date of Document:
March 2016
Accessed Date:
24 April 2017
Title:
Gender-based violence (GBV), particularly domestic and sexual violence; impact of COVID-19; state protection and support services available, including psychological services, particularly in Bogotá, Santiago de Cali, and Medellín (2020-July 2022)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
3 August 2022
Accessed Date:
24 August 2022
Title:
Gender and the role of women in Colombia's Peace Process
Source:
United States Institute of Peace
Date of Document:
4 March 2016
Author:
Virginia M. Bouvier
Accessed Date:
13 April 2017
Title:
Children and armed conflict in Colombia: Report of the Secretary-General
Source:
United Nations. Security Council.
Date of Document:
8 December 2021
Accessed Date:
12 August 2022
Title:
A Battle Not Yet Over: Displacement and Women's Needs in Post-Peace Agreement Colombia
Source:
Refugees International
Date of Document:
December 2016
Author:
Francisca Vigaud-Walsh
Accessed Date:
13 April 2017
Title:
Colombian court recognises victims of sexual violence within ranks of the FARC
Date of Document:
10 January 2020
Author:
Julia Zulver; Sanne Weber
Accessed Date:
19 May 2020
Title:
Colombia. Education Under Attack 2022.
Source:
Global Coalition to Protect Education from Attack
Accessed Date:
12 August 2022
Title:
Landmark Decision on Colombia Abortion Rights
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
22 February 2022
Accessed Date:
12 August 2022
Title:
Concluding observations on the ninth periodic report of Colombia
Source:
United Nations. Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women.
Date of Document:
14 March 2019
Accessed Date:
19 May 2020
Title:
Information received from Colombia on follow-up to the concluding observations on its ninth periodic report
Date of Document:
17 March 2021
Accessed Date:
26 August 2021
Title:
Colombia's Female Social Leaders, LGBT+, and Land Rights Activists At Risk
Source:
Washington Office on Latin America
Date of Document:
24 November 2020
Author:
Gimena Sánchez-Garzoli
Accessed Date:
26 August 2021
Title:
Access to justice for women victims of violence in Colombia. Gender Equality in Colombia: Access to Justice and Politics at the Local Level.
Source:
Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development
Accessed Date:
26 August 2021
Title:
COVID-19 affects everyone but not equally: The gendered poverty effects of the COVID-19 pandemic in Colombia
Date of Document:
1 January 2020
Author:
Jose Cuesta; Julieth Pico
Accessed Date:
26 August 2021
Title:
Colombia's Portal to Justice for Women Victims of Violence: The Family Commissioner Office and Its Institutional Challenges
Source:
Greta Friedemann Sánchez; Margaret Grieve
Accessed Date:
16 August 2022
Title:
Situation of LGBTI Human Rights in Colombia. Report submitted to the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, 62nd Session, September 18 to October 6 2017.
Source:
Corporación Caribe Afirmativo et al.
Date of Document:
August 2017
Accessed Date:
13 April 2018
Title:
Mapping Trans Rights in Colombia
Source:
OutRight Action International
Date of Document:
23 November 2016
Accessed Date:
13 April 2017
Title:
Situation and treatment of sexual and gender minorities, including treatment by authorities and society; state protection and support services available (2017-May 2020)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
26 May 2020
Accessed Date:
9 June 2020
Title:
Stress, Health, and Well-being of LGBT People in Colombia: Results from a National Survey
Source:
UCLA School of Law. Williams Institute.
Date of Document:
April 2020
Author:
Soon Kyu Choi et al.
Accessed Date:
10 June 2020
Title:
The Struggle for Gendered Peace and LGBT Rights in Colombia
Source:
Latin America and Caribbean Centre
Date of Document:
July 2019
Accessed Date:
19 May 2020
Title:
Colombia. Invisible, Isolated, and Ignored: Human Rights Abuses Based on Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity/Expression in Colombia, South Africa and Malaysia.
Source:
International Commission of Jurists
Author:
Michelle Yesudas et al.
Accessed Date:
26 August 2021
Title:
Colombia's Constitutional Court Advances Gender Diversity
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
8 March 2022
Author:
Cristian González Cabrera
Accessed Date:
16 August 2022
7.
Criminality and Corruption
Title:
Colombia. International Narcotics Control Strategy Report 2022, Volume I: Drug and Chemical Control.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
March 2022
Accessed Date:
16 August 2022
Title:
Paramilitary successor groups and criminal bands (bandas criminales, BACRIM), areas of operation and criminal activities, including the Clan del Golfo (also known as Urabeños or Autodefensas Gaitanistas de Colombia); state response ...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
24 April 2017
Accessed Date:
26 May 2017
Title:
State protection programs for victims and witnesses of crimes; requirements to access the programs; statistics on the number of applications for relocation that are granted and refused; duration and effectiveness of these programs (2012-March 2016)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
6 April 2016
Accessed Date:
22 April 2016
Title:
Colombia's most important post-FARC drug trafficking groups
Date of Document:
8 February 2017
Accessed Date:
19 April 2018
Title:
Colombia. International Narcotics Control Strategy Report 2022, Volume II: Money Laundering.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
March 2022
Accessed Date:
16 August 2022
Title:
Colombia: Tier 1. Trafficking in Persons Report 2022.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
19 July 2022
Accessed Date:
16 August 2022
Date of Document:
12 August 2021
Accessed Date:
16 August 2022
Title:
République de Colombie : Situation sécuritaire. COI Focus.
Source:
Belgium. Commissariat general aux réfugiés et aux apatrides.
Date of Document:
7 June 2018
Accessed Date:
23 April 2019
Title:
Recycled Violence: Abuses by FARC Dissident Groups in Tumaco on Colombia's Pacific Coast
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
13 December 2018
Editor:
José Miguel Vivanco et al.
Accessed Date:
23 April 2019
Title:
The Black Eagles (Águilas Negras), including activities, areas of influence and areas of operation; threat letters, including appearance and content; availability of fraudulent threatening letters (2020–June 2022)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
13 July 2022
Accessed Date:
12 August 2022
Date of Document:
20 July 2022
Accessed Date:
16 August 2022
Title:
Colombia Corruption Report
Source:
GAN Integrity. Risk and Compliance Portal.
Date of Document:
August 2020
Accessed Date:
26 August 2021
Title:
Colombie : L'application de l'accord de paix, les persécutions à l'encontre de guérilleros démobilisés des FARC-EP ou de l'ELN, et la persistance des conflits armés intérieurs
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
22 August 2019
Accessed Date:
26 August 2021
Title:
Deeply Rooted: Coca Eradication and Violence in Colombia. Latin America Report N°87.
Source:
International Crisis Group
Date of Document:
26 February 2021
Accessed Date:
26 August 2021
Title:
The Urabeños (also known as Clan Úsuga or Autodefensas Gaitanistas de Colombia), including areas of operation, especially in Buenaventura, criminal activities, and state response; whether the Urabeños seek out individuals, particularl...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
6 March 2015
Accessed Date:
28 April 2015
Title:
OSAC Country Security Report. Colombia.
Source:
United States. Overseas Security Advisory Council.
Date of Document:
16 November 2021
Accessed Date:
16 August 2022
Title:
Colombia. Country Reports on Terrorism 2020.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
16 December 2021
Accessed Date:
16 August 2022
Title:
Colombia's Armed Groups Battle for the Spoils of Peace. Latin America Report N°63.
Source:
International Crisis Group
Date of Document:
19 October 2017
Accessed Date:
19 April 2018
Title:
Rastrojos Under Siege at Colombia-Venezuela Border
Date of Document:
30 March 2020
Accessed Date:
16 August 2022
Title:
Colombia Elites and Organized Crime
Source:
InSight Crime; International Development Research Centre
Date of Document:
9 August 2016
Accessed Date:
13 April 2017
Title:
What it means to be a 'military objective' (objetivo militar), including who executes these threats and methods of issuing them; whether there is an internal flight alternative for someone who has been issued a threat; state response
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
15 April 2015
Accessed Date:
28 April 2015
Title:
The Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia, FARC), including demobilization of former combatants; information on dissident groups, including number of combatants, areas of operation, activities...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
18 April 2018
Accessed Date:
27 April 2018
Title:
The National Liberation Army (Ejército de Liberación Nacional - ELN), including number of combatants and areas of operation; activities, including ability to track victims; state response and protection available to victims (2016-April 2018)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
23 April 2018
Accessed Date:
27 April 2018
Title:
The presence and activities of Los Rastrojos, including in Buenaventura; information on their relationship with the Gaitanist Self-Defense Forces of Colombia (Autodefensas Gaitanistas de Colombia, AGC) [also known as Gulf Clan (Clan del Golfo)...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
17 April 2018
Accessed Date:
27 April 2018
Title:
The War in Catatumbo: Abuses by Armed Groups Against Civilians Including Venezuelan Exiles in Northeastern Colombia
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
8 August 2019
Editor:
José Miguel Vivanco et al.
Accessed Date:
22 May 2020
Title:
Uncertainty in Reintegration Camps, Another Challenge for Peace in Colombia
Date of Document:
1 November 2019
Author:
María Fernanda Ramírez
Accessed Date:
22 May 2020
Title:
Peace with Justice: The Colombian Experience with Transitional Justice
Source:
The Brookings Institution
Date of Document:
July 2019
Accessed Date:
22 May 2020
Title:
Gulf Clan (Clan del Golfo) [Autodefensas Gaitanistas de Colombia (AGC), Los Urabeños, Clan Úsuga], including its leaders, structure, areas of operation, activities and the profile of its targets; ability to track its targets; state response ...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
21 May 2020
Accessed Date:
9 June 2020
Title:
Leaders under Fire: Defending Colombia's Front Line of Peace. Latin America Report N°82.
Source:
International Crisis Group
Date of Document:
6 October 2020
Accessed Date:
26 August 2021
Title:
Colombia: Armed Groups' Brutal Covid-19 Measures
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
15 July 2020
Accessed Date:
26 August 2021
Title:
Colombie : Les Águilas Negras et notamment à Soacha dans le département de Cundinamarca
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
10 January 2020
Accessed Date:
26 August 2021
Title:
Colombie : Corruption et liens avec des groupes criminels dans la mairie de Cartago (Valle del Cauca) ; Implications du maire, Carlos Andrés Londoño Zabala (2015-2018)
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
4 May 2020
Accessed Date:
26 August 2021
Title:
COVID-19 fuels growing conflict and displacement in Colombia
Source:
The New Humanitarian
Date of Document:
10 December 2020
Accessed Date:
26 August 2021
Source:
Washington Office on Latin America
Date of Document:
24 April 2020
Accessed Date:
26 August 2021
Source:
Washington Office on Latin America
Date of Document:
12 April 2020
Accessed Date:
26 August 2021
Title:
Criminal groups, particularly the Gulf Clan (Clan del Golfo) [also known as the Gaitanista Self-Defence Forces of Colombia (Autodefensas Gaitanistas de Colombia, AGC), Los Urabeños, Clan Úsuga], the National Liberation Army (Ejército de ...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
29 July 2021
Accessed Date:
24 August 2021
Title:
Targets of criminal groups, particularly the Gulf Clan (Clan del Golfo) [also known as the Gaitanista Self-Defence Forces of Colombia (Autodefensas Gaitanistas de Colombia, AGC), Los Urabeños, Clan Úsuga], the National Liberation Army (Ejército ...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
13 August 2021
Accessed Date:
27 August 2021
Title:
Colombie : Situation sécuritaire
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
2 June 2021
Accessed Date:
16 August 2022
Title:
Colombie : Présence et exactions du groupe armé La Empresa à Buenaventura et Cali entre 2016 et 2019
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
16 March 2021
Accessed Date:
16 August 2022
Title:
Colombie : La pandilla Alianza
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
24 September 2020
Accessed Date:
16 August 2022
Title:
Colombie : L'éntreprise nationale pétroliere colombienne, Ecopetrol S.A entre 2007 et 2017 : performances financiéres, liens avec les groupes armés et situation sécuritaire des employés de la raffinerie de Barrancabermeja
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
30 July 2020
Accessed Date:
16 August 2022
Title:
Tackling Colombia's Next Generation in Arms
Source:
International Crisis Group
Date of Document:
27 January 2022
Accessed Date:
16 August 2022
Title:
Another hard blow dealt to the ‘Clan del Golfo' ended with the arrest and prosecution of 27 alleged members of their criminal networks, and a multimillionaire impact on their illicit finances
Source:
Colombia. Office of the Attorney General.
Date of Document:
3 November 2021
Accessed Date:
16 August 2022
Title:
Pamphlets produced by criminal groups declaring a person to be a 'military target,' including their content, appearance, and method of distribution; availability of fraudulent pamphlets (2018–February 2022)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
9 February 2022
Accessed Date:
12 August 2022
Title:
Whether armed groups such as the National Liberation Army (Ejército de liberación nacional, ELN) or the Gulf Clan (Clan del Golfo) [also known as the Gaitanista Self-Defence Forces of Colombia (Autodefensas Gaitanistas de Colombia, AGC) ...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
16 June 2022
Accessed Date:
12 August 2022
Title:
Dairo Antonio Úsuga, alias 'Otoniel'
Date of Document:
4 May 2022
Accessed Date:
16 August 2022
Title:
Urabeños Seek to Paralyze Parts of Colombia After Otoniel's Extradition
Date of Document:
6 May 2022
Accessed Date:
16 August 2022
Title:
Military service, including recruitment age, length of service, reasons for exemption and the possibility of performing a replacement service (2006-July 2012)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
2 August 2013
Accessed Date:
28 April 2014
Title:
The military service card, including whether it indicates where the person was stationed and the unit in which they served; the significance of the reserve classes; whether the military service card differs depending on soldier rank (2006-2013)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
2 August 2013
Accessed Date:
28 April 2014
9.
Judiciary, Legal and Penal Systems
Title:
The meaning of the word “inactivo,” which appears in the “case status” (Estado caso) field of a complaint filed through the Oral Accusatory Criminal Justice System (Sistema Penal Oral Acusatorio) of the Office of the Attorney General ...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
4 January 2018
Accessed Date:
19 April 2018
Title:
Update to COL106087 of 1 May 2018 on the investigation of criminal complaints, including time limits, expiry of criminal proceedings, and setting aside of complaints; the Office of the Attorney General's database used to consult the status of ...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
25 July 2019
Accessed Date:
25 May 2020
Title:
Thirty-Second Report of the Secretary General to the Permanent Council on the Mission to Support the Peace Process in Colombia of the Organization of American States (MAPP/OAS)
Source:
Organization of American States
Accessed Date:
16 August 2022
Title:
Colombia: Seeking justice, building peace, and the post-conflict illusion. Report of the Sixth International Caravana of Jurists 2018.
Source:
Colombian Caravana UK Lawyers Group
Date of Document:
March 2019
Accessed Date:
24 April 2019
Title:
Requirements and procedures to submit a complaint to the police, the Fiscalía General de la Nación, and the Defensoría del Pueblo, including types of complaints; standardization and appearance of documents; requirements and procedures ...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
3 May 2017
Accessed Date:
26 May 2017
Title:
Update: An Introduction to Colombian Governmental Institutions and Primary Legal Sources
Date of Document:
April 2019
Author:
Antonio Ramírez; Hernando Otero
Accessed Date:
26 August 2021
10.
Police and Security Forces
Title:
Colombie : violences policières et protection de l'État
Source:
Swiss Refugee Council
Date of Document:
15 July 2020
Accessed Date:
26 August 2021
Title:
State of Privacy: Colombia
Source:
Privacy International
Date of Document:
26 January 2019
Accessed Date:
24 April 2019
Title:
“The Guerrillas Are the Police”: Social Control and Abuses by Armed Groups in Colombia's Arauca Province and Venezuela's Apure State
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
22 January 2020
Editor:
Tamara Taraciuk Broner et al.
Accessed Date:
22 May 2020
Title:
ESMAD: Is Colombia's loathed anti-riot police unit on the way out?
Date of Document:
24 November 2019
Accessed Date:
22 May 2020
Title:
Colombia: Amnesty International condemns torture and excessive use of force by police
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
11 September 2020
Accessed Date:
26 August 2021
Title:
Colombia: Shoots on sight: Eye trauma in the context of the National Strike
Source:
Universidad de los Andes. Programa de Acción por la Igualdad y la Inclusión Social.; Amnesty International
Date of Document:
26 November 2021
Author:
Alejandro Lanz Sánchez et al.
Accessed Date:
16 August 2022
Title:
Police and Office of the Attorney General [Office of the Prosecutor General] (Fiscalía General de la Nación) reports, including content, appearance, security features, and samples; whether the police and the Office of the Attorney General provide ...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
17 February 2022
Accessed Date:
12 August 2022
Title:
Mechanisms of state protection, including the National Protection Unit (Unidad Nacional de Protección, UNP) and the Office of the Prosecutor General (Fiscalía General de la Nacion, FGN); eligibility for UNP and FGN protection; instances of ...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
29 July 2022
Accessed Date:
12 August 2022
Title:
Colombia. Defending Journalism: How national mechanisms can protect journalists and address the issue of impunity.
Source:
International Media Support
Date of Document:
30 October 2017
Author:
Jonathan Bock; Robert Shaw
Accessed Date:
19 April 2018
Title:
Colombia. Annual Report of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights 2021. Volume 2: Annual Report of the Office of the Special Rapporteur for Freedom of Expression.
Code:
OEA/Ser.L/V/II Doc. 64 rev. 1
Source:
Organization of American States. Inter-American Commission on Human Rights.
Date of Document:
26 May 2022
Accessed Date:
16 August 2022
Title:
Colombia. Freedom on the Net 2021.
Author:
Luisa Fernanda Isaza Ibarra
Editor:
Elisha Aaron et al.
Accessed Date:
16 August 2022
Title:
Colombia. World Press Freedom Index 2022.
Source:
Reporters Without Borders
Accessed Date:
16 August 2022
Title:
Colombia. International Religious Freedom Report for 2021.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
2 June 2022
Accessed Date:
16 August 2022
Title:
Colombia. Freedom of Thought Report.
Source:
Humanists International
Date of Document:
17 November 2020
Accessed Date:
26 August 2021
Title:
Colombie : La persécution de prêtres chrétiens par des groupes armés
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
27 January 2020
Accessed Date:
26 August 2021
13.
Nationality, Ethnicity and Race
Title:
Situation of Afro-Colombians, including treatment by society and authorities; state protection and support services available (2017–May 2020)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
6 May 2020
Accessed Date:
29 May 2020
Title:
Concluding observations on the combined seventeenth to nineteenth periodic reports of Colombia
Code:
CERD/C/COL/CO/17-19
Source:
United Nations. Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination.
Date of Document:
22 January 2020
Accessed Date:
26 August 2021
Title:
Colombia. The Indigenous World 2022.
Source:
International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs
Date of Document:
April 2022
Author:
Diana Alexandra Mendoza
Editor:
Dwayne Mamo et al.
Accessed Date:
16 August 2022
Title:
The Brink of Extinction in Colombia
Source:
North American Congress on Latin America
Date of Document:
20 September 2019
Author:
Evan King; Samantha Wherry
Accessed Date:
22 May 2020
Title:
Colombia and Venezuela: Treatment by authorities and society of Venezuelans and Colombians with Venezuelan citizenship in Colombia, and of Colombians and Venezuelans with Colombian citizenship in Venezuela (2015-October 2018)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
15 November 2018
Accessed Date:
26 April 2019
Title:
Colombia: Indigenous Kids at Risk of Malnutrition, Death
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
13 August 2020
Accessed Date:
26 August 2021
Title:
Submission on the Rights of the Indigenous Child to the Expert Mechanism on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
2 March 2021
Accessed Date:
26 August 2021
Title:
Colombia. World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples.
Source:
Minority Rights Group International
Date of Document:
June 2020
Accessed Date:
26 August 2021
Title:
Information received from Colombia on follow-up to the concluding observations on its combined seventeenth to nineteenth periodic reports
Code:
CERD/C/COL/FCO/17-19
Date of Document:
19 April 2021
Accessed Date:
26 August 2021
Title:
Situation of Afro-Colombians, including ability to relocate in Bogotá, Cartagena and Barranquilla and access housing, employment, education, and healthcare; impact of COVID-19 (2019–July 2021)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
13 August 2021
Accessed Date:
25 August 2021
14.
Exit/Entry and Freedom of Movement
Title:
“Stuck in the middle”: Seeking durable solutions in post-peace agreement Colombia
Source:
Norwegian Refugee Council. Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre.
Date of Document:
March 2019
Author:
Chloe Sydney et al.
Accessed Date:
24 April 2019
Title:
Land restitution in Colombia: why so few applications? Forced Migration Review.
Source:
Refugee Studies Centre. University of Oxford.
Date of Document:
October 2017
Accessed Date:
19 April 2018
Title:
Whether Colombian citizens are required to have their passports stamped upon exit from and entry into Colombia; if so, whether this procedure is applied uniformly at all immigration posts
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
29 February 2012
Accessed Date:
14 November 2012
Title:
‘From Aid to Empowerment': Addressing urban displacement in Colombia's informal settlements
Source:
Norwegian Refugee Council. Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre.
Date of Document:
November 2020
Author:
Pablo Cortés Ferrández
Accessed Date:
26 August 2021
Title:
Colombia: Quarterly Report - Protection Monitoring, October- December 2020
Source:
Danish Refugee Council
Date of Document:
28 March 2021
Accessed Date:
26 August 2021
Title:
Impacts of Displacement: Conflict and violence in Quibdó and Caucasia, Colombia
Source:
Norwegian Refugee Council. Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre.
Date of Document:
4 March 2022
Author:
Christelle Cazabat; Pablo Cortés Ferrández
Accessed Date:
16 August 2022
Title:
Considerations on the progress and barriers regarding access to Colombian nationality for refugees, migrants and returnees from Venezuela. Colombia - July 2021.
Source:
Danish Refugee Council
Date of Document:
22 October 2021
Accessed Date:
16 August 2022
15.
Labour, Employment and Unions
Title:
Review of Public Communication CAN 2016-1. Report issued pursuant to the Canada‑Colombia Agreement on Labour Cooperation.
Source:
Employment and Social Development Canada
Accessed Date:
19 April 2018
Title:
United States-Colombia Trade Promotion Agreement. Public Report of Review of U.S. Submission 2016-02 (Colombia).
Source:
United States. Department of Labor.
Date of Document:
11 January 2017
Accessed Date:
13 April 2017
Title:
The socio-economic situation, including demographics, employment rates, and economic sectors, particularly in Barranquilla, Bucaramanga and Ibagué (2017-May 2020)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
13 May 2020
Accessed Date:
9 June 2020
Title:
Colombie : Conflits entre les chauffeurs de taxis et les mototaxis A Cartago, Valle del Cauca (2015-2018)
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
7 May 2020
Accessed Date:
16 August 2022
16.
Other - (No items in this section)
The following changes have been made to the previous package dated 31 August 2022:
Title:
Colombia. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2021.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
12 April 2022
URL:
https://www.state.gov/reports/2021-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/colombia
Accessed Date:
21 April 2022
Disclaimer
National Documentation Packages (NDPs) include country-of-origin information that is publicly accessible at the time of publication and available within time constraints. While the Research Directorate strives to maintain the
NDP with current information, the research is not exhaustive and country conditions can change rapidly. Members of the public are invited to
suggest documents they feel are relevant to the
NDP.
NDPs are not, and do not purport to be, conclusive as to the merit of any particular claim for refugee protection. Rather, they are intended to support the refugee determination process. The assessment and weight to be given to the information in the
NDPs are the responsibility of independent
IRB members (decision-makers) after considering the evidence and arguments presented by the parties.
All sources are fully cited, including a hyperlink, to facilitate the location of the information. The
IRB will attempt to ensure that these links are maintained for the most recent
NDP. It cannot guarantee or be responsible for:
- the functionality of links to external sources,
- the content accessed by these links,
- the availability of external content in both English and French,
- any other part of a third party website.
The information presented in
NDPs solely reflects the views and perspectives of the sources cited and does not necessarily reflect the position of the
IRB or the Government of Canada.