National Documentation Packages (NDPs) are lists of public documents that provide information on country conditions. Updates occur on a regular basis.
NDPs support the refugee determination process. They do not imply recognition of a particular territory's sovereignty or political status.
NDPs include Responses to Information Requests (RIRs) published by the IRB on its website which may have attachments that are inaccessible due to technical constraints and may include translations of documents originally written in languages other than English or French. To obtain a copy of such attachments and/or translated version of the
RIR attachments, please
email us.
Jurisprudential Guides Notes
Jurisprudential Guides Notes
On
July 28, 2022, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide:
-
Decision TC1 05038 – The proper interpretation of the ‘generalized risk’ exception to protection found at subparagraph 97(1)(b)(ii) of the Act, in claims for protection involving allegations of gang-targeting or other acts of criminality.
On
December 22, 2020, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide.
-
Decision MB8-00025 – This Jurisprudential Guide addresses, in applying Article 1E of the Refugee Convention, whether members should consider allegations of risk in a country of residence if they conclude that a refugee claimant has the rights and obligations which are attached to the possession of nationality in that country.
On
July 6, 2018, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide.
-
Decision TB7-19851 – Nigeria – This Jurisprudential Guide addresses internal flight alternatives in major cities in south and central Nigeria for claimants fleeing non-state actors.
Revoked
The country documentation referenced in each of these decisions has been included in s.16 of the updated National Documentation Packages published on July 10, 2018.
On
July 20, 2017, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being
Jurisprudential Guides.
-
Decision TB7-01837 – Pakistan – Whether the treatment experienced by Ahmadis in Pakistan amounts to persecution, whether state protection is available and whether there is a viable internal flight alternative.
-
Decision MB6-01059/60 – India – Availability of an internal flight alternative in India for claimants from Punjab.
Revoked
-
Decision TB6-11632 – China – Analysis of the efficacy of the Chinese national computer network known as the Golden Shield Project and its impact on whether a person wanted by the authorities can exit China via an airport using a genuine passport.
Revoked
The country documentation referenced in each of these decisions has been included in s.16 of the updated National Documentation Packages published on July 20, 2017.
Back
29 February 2024
SOMALIA
List of Documents
1.
General Information and Maps
Source:
United Nations. Cartographic Section.
Date of Document:
December 2011
Accessed Date:
13 December 2013
Title:
Somali Clan Families
Source:
Sweden. Centre for Country of Origin Information and Analysis, Lifos.
Accessed Date:
12 March 2018
Title:
Somalie. L'Encyclopédie en ligne.
Accessed Date:
17 January 2013
Title:
Situation in Somalia. Report of the Secretary-General.
Source:
United Nations. Security Council.
Date of Document:
13 October 2023
Accessed Date:
6 February 2024
Title:
Somalia. The World Factbook.
Source:
United States. Central Intelligence Agency.
Date of Document:
21 February 2024
Accessed Date:
23 February 2024
Title:
Somalia. 2023 Humanitarian Needs Overview.
Source:
United Nations. Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs.
Date of Document:
8 February 2023
Accessed Date:
20 March 2023
Title:
Présentation de la Somalie
Source:
France. Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères.
Date of Document:
10 July 2018
Accessed Date:
27 October 2020
Title:
Somalia: Security Situation
Source:
European Union. European Union Agency for Asylum.
Date of Document:
February 2023
Accessed Date:
20 March 2023
Title:
EASO Country of Origin Information Report. Somalia: Somalia Actors.
Source:
European Union. European Asylum Support Office.
Date of Document:
July 2021
Accessed Date:
21 February 2022
Title:
Country of Origin Information Report on South and Central Somalia
Source:
Netherlands. Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
Date of Document:
June 2023
Accessed Date:
20 February 2024
Title:
UNHCR Position on Returns to Southern and Central Somalia (Update I)
Source:
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
Date of Document:
May 2016
Accessed Date:
3 March 2017
Title:
Country Policy and Information Note: security and humanitarian situation in Mogadishu. Version 1.0.
Source:
United Kingdom. Home Office.
Date of Document:
May 2022
Accessed Date:
6 March 2023
Title:
DFAT Country Information Report: Somalia
Source:
Australia. Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade.
Date of Document:
13 June 2017
Accessed Date:
12 March 2018
Title:
Somalia: Prevalence of mobile phone usage and Internet connectivity, including through mobile data and the ability to use cell phones for financial transfers (2021–March 2023)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
1 March 2023
Accessed Date:
29 March 2023
Title:
Prevalence and availability of institutions that conduct Hawala transfers both into an out of Somalia; documents or identification needed to use a remittance company (Hawala); whether they deal with institutions operating in Ethiopia or Kenya
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
10 March 2015
Accessed Date:
30 March 2015
Title:
Somalie : Point de situation sécuritaire
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
28 September 2023
Accessed Date:
6 February 2024
Title:
Somalia. Administrative Maps.
Source:
Food Security and Nutrition Analysis Unit
Accessed Date:
28 March 2017
Title:
Somalia Road Network. Logistics Capacity Assessment.
Source:
World Food Programme
Accessed Date:
20 February 2024
Title:
Country Background Note. Somalia. Version 1.0.
Source:
United Kingdom. Home Office.
Date of Document:
December 2020
Accessed Date:
11 March 2021
Title:
Somalia: Areas controlled by al-Shabaab as of March 2016
Source:
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
Date of Document:
March 2016
Accessed Date:
3 March 2017
Title:
Neighbourhoods of Mogadishu
Source:
United States. Central Intelligence Agency.
Accessed Date:
3 March 2017
Title:
Somalie. L'aménagement linguistique dans le monde.
Source:
L'aménagement linguistique dans le monde
Date of Document:
27 December 2023
Accessed Date:
20 February 2024
Title:
Somalia: Fact-finding Mission to Mogadishu and Nairobi, January 2018
Source:
Finnish Immigration Service et al.
Date of Document:
5 October 2018
Accessed Date:
17 March 2020
Title:
Somalia. BTI 2022 Country Report.
Date of Document:
February 2022
Accessed Date:
23 February 2022
Title:
Following the money: The use of the hawala remittance system in the Yemen–Somalia arms trade
Source:
Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime
Date of Document:
September 2020
Accessed Date:
11 March 2021
Title:
Initial report submitted by Somalia under article 40 of the Covenant pursuant to the optional reporting procedure, due in 2021
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Committee.
Date of Document:
30 June 2022
Accessed Date:
29 March 2023
Source:
Denmark. Danish Immigration Service.
Date of Document:
November 2020
Accessed Date:
11 March 2021
Title:
Somalia: The security situation in northwestern Somalia (Somaliland)
Source:
Norway. Norwegian Country of Origin Information Centre, Landinfo.
Date of Document:
7 April 2020
Accessed Date:
11 March 2021
Title:
Jowhar Urban Profile: Working Paper and Spatial Analyses for Urban Planning Consultations and Durable Solutions for Displacement Crises
Source:
United Nations Human Settlement Programme et al.
Date of Document:
November 2020
Author:
Pablo Fernández Maestre et al.
Accessed Date:
11 March 2021
Title:
Kismayo Urban Profile: Working Paper and Spatial Analyses for Urban Planning
Source:
United Nations Human Settlement Programme et al.
Date of Document:
October 2020
Author:
Khalif Ibrahim Ali et al.
Accessed Date:
11 March 2021
Title:
EASO Country of Origin Information Report. Somalia: Key socio-economic indicators
Source:
European Union. European Asylum Support Office.
Date of Document:
September 2021
Accessed Date:
18 February 2022
Title:
Somalia: Fact-finding mission to Mogadishu in March 2020. Security situation and humanitarian conditions in Mogadishu.
Source:
Finnish Immigration Service et al.
Date of Document:
7 August 2020
Accessed Date:
18 February 2022
Title:
Overview of socio-economic situation, including Mogadishu; infrastructure and economic activity, including characteristics, access to and availability of banking activities, telecommunications, and utilities (2020–February 2022)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
8 February 2022
Accessed Date:
24 February 2022
Title:
Somalie : La région Bas Juba
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
31 January 2022
Accessed Date:
29 March 2023
Title:
International Protection Considerations with Regard to People Fleeing Somalia
Code:
HCR/IPC/SOM/2022/01
Source:
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
Date of Document:
September 2022
Accessed Date:
6 March 2023
Title:
Somalia: Selected Issues
Source:
International Monetary Fund
Date of Document:
17 November 2022
Accessed Date:
20 March 2023
Title:
Somalia. Civic Freedom Monitor.
Source:
International Center for Not-for-Profit Law
Date of Document:
17 January 2024
Accessed Date:
6 February 2024
Title:
Time for Somaliland and the Dhulbahante to Talk
Source:
International Crisis Group
Date of Document:
19 May 2023
Accessed Date:
6 February 2024
Source:
United States. Congressional Research Service.
Date of Document:
27 July 2023
Accessed Date:
6 February 2024
Title:
Somalia. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2022.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
March 2023
Accessed Date:
27 March 2023
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/38/SOM/2
Source:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Date of Document:
26 February 2021
Accessed Date:
18 February 2022
Title:
Protection of Civilians Report: Building the Foundation for Peace, Security and Human Rights in Somalia
Source:
United Nations Assistance Mission in Somalia; Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Date of Document:
2 October 2020
Accessed Date:
11 March 2021
Title:
Instruments of Pain (III): Conflict and Famine in Somalia. Africa Briefing N° 125.
Source:
International Crisis Group
Date of Document:
9 May 2017
Accessed Date:
12 March 2018
Title:
Somalia. World Report 2024: Events of 2023.
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
January 2024
Accessed Date:
6 February 2024
Title:
Somalia. Freedom in the World 2023.
Accessed Date:
8 February 2024
Title:
Somaliland. Freedom in the World 2023.
Accessed Date:
8 February 2024
Title:
Summary of other stakeholders' submissions Somalia
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/38/SOM/3
Source:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Date of Document:
26 February 2021
Accessed Date:
18 February 2022
Title:
Situation of human rights in Somalia. Report of the Independent Expert on the situation of human rights in Somalia.
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
19 August 2022
Accessed Date:
6 March 2023
Title:
Somalia. Amnesty International Report 2022/23: The State of the World's Human Rights.
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
27 March 2023
Accessed Date:
8 February 2024
Title:
National report submitted in accordance with paragraph 5 of the annex to Human Rights Council resolution 16/21: Somalia
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/38/SOM/1
Date of Document:
26 February 2021
Accessed Date:
18 February 2022
3.
Identification Documents and Citizenship
Title:
Law No. 28 of 22 December 1962 - Somali Citizenship
Accessed Date:
11 March 2021
Title:
Documents in Somalia and Sudan
Source:
Norway. Norwegian Country of Origin Information Centre, Landinfo.
Date of Document:
5 January 2009
Page Numbers:
1, 5–11, 16–19
Accessed Date:
17 January 2013
Title:
Republic of Somaliland Citizenship Law (Law No: 22/2002)
Accessed Date:
16 March 2015
Title:
Identity documents, including national ID cards, passports and driver's licences, and the requirements and procedures to obtain them; percentage of the population that holds some form of identity document; whether such documents are accepted ...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
28 August 2020
Accessed Date:
26 October 2020
Title:
Canada and Somalia: Somali-Canadian associations in Canada, including their history, activities, services offered and affiliation with Somalia; letter issued to establish the identity of Somalis and the methods used for this purpose (2016-August 2018)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
13 August 2018
Accessed Date:
26 March 2019
Title:
Somalia: Establishing Somali nationality outside of Somalia, in particular for individuals without identity documents and for those who have left Somalia since 1991; prevalence of fraudulent identity documents (2021–February 2023)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
28 February 2023
Accessed Date:
27 March 2023
Title:
Somalia. U.S. Visa: Reciprocity and Civil Documents by Country.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Accessed Date:
23 February 2024
Title:
Somalia: Birth registration, including requirements and procedures; issuance of birth certificates and marriage certificates from the Benadir [Benaadir, Banaadir, Banadir] Regional Administration (BRA) [Mogadishu municipality] (2021–March 2023)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
2 March 2023
Accessed Date:
27 March 2023
Title:
Ability to obtain documentation, including medical, education, and employment records; effectiveness of the postal service, on both the domestic and international level
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
6 March 2017
Accessed Date:
23 March 2017
Title:
Documents that show evidence that a person was employed by, or had a contract with the government (2010-2015)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
15 June 2015
Accessed Date:
4 March 2016
Title:
Identification documents, including national identity cards, passports, driver's licenses, and any other document required to access government services; information on the issuing agencies and the requirements to obtain documents (2013-July 2015)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
17 March 2016
Accessed Date:
24 March 2016
Title:
Information on circumstances under which the Somali government would cancel a passport; whether a passport holder can request a cancellation themselves; whether passport cancellation indicates revocation of citizenship (2013-June 2017)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
20 June 2017
Accessed Date:
9 March 2018
Title:
Canada and Somalia: Information on Temporary Resident Visas (TRV) and Temporary Resident Permits (TRP) issued to Somali citizens, including whether visas and permits are affixed to the Single Journey Travel Document (SJTD) or in a passport...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
5 October 2017
Accessed Date:
23 March 2018
Title:
Somalia, Ethiopia, Kenya, and the United States: Requirements and procedures for Somali citizens to obtain identity documents, including passports, at Somali embassies in Addis Ababa, Nairobi and Washington D.C. (2016-March 2018)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
23 February 2018
Accessed Date:
22 March 2018
Title:
Recognising Nairobi's Refugees: The Challenges and Significance of Documentation Proving Identity and Status
Source:
Norwegian Refugee Council; International Human Rights Clinic at Harvard Law School
Date of Document:
16 November 2017
Accessed Date:
12 March 2018
Title:
Documents required and procedures for selling a business or property in Mogadishu and Kismayo; documents required and procedures for obtaining a business license in Mogadishu and Kismayo (2014-June 2016)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
10 June 2016
Accessed Date:
22 March 2018
Title:
Whether persons born in Somaliland and in the Ogaden region of Ethiopia are entitled to Somali citizenship; citizenship status of women married to foreign nationals; requirements and procedures to obtain and reacquire Somali citizenship...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
9 March 2018
Accessed Date:
14 March 2018
Title:
Toward a Somali Identification System: ID4D Diagnostic
Accessed Date:
22 March 2019
Title:
Canada and Somalia: The Somali organization Dejinta Beesha [Dejinta Beesha Multi-Service Centre] in Toronto, including their history, activities, services offered and affiliation with Somalia; letter issued to establish the identity of Somalis and ...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
11 March 2019
Accessed Date:
26 March 2019
Title:
Somali. A Guide to Names and Naming Practices.
Source:
International Criminal Police Organization (INTERPOL)
Date of Document:
March 2006
Accessed Date:
25 April 2019
Title:
Somalia and Sudan: Passports issued to Eritrean refugees by the governments of Somalia and Sudan (1960-1980)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
26 September 2018
Accessed Date:
18 June 2019
Title:
Query response. Somalia: Passport application at the Somali Embassy in Brussels.
Source:
Norway. Norwegian Country of Origin Information Centre, Landinfo.
Date of Document:
21 May 2019
Accessed Date:
17 March 2020
Source:
European Union. Public Register of Authentic travel and identity Documents Online.
Accessed Date:
17 March 2020
Title:
Requirements and procedures for land transfers, including timelines and whether the title is verified through a lawyer; documents required and issued for a land transfer; average price of land (2018–August 2020)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
11 September 2020
Accessed Date:
26 October 2020
Title:
Somali Citizenship Regulations 1963, Decree of the President of the Republic No. 129 of 19 February 1963
Accessed Date:
11 March 2021
Title:
Requirements and procedures to obtain documents from abroad, including police reports, birth certificates and medical records; procedures if the applicant is outside Kenya and has no identity documents or only the certified true copy of a ...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
5 February 2021
Accessed Date:
7 February 2022
Title:
Somalia: Date of birth, age and calendar
Source:
Norway. Norwegian Country of Origin Information Centre, Landinfo.
Date of Document:
17 February 2021
Accessed Date:
18 February 2022
Title:
Requirements and procedures to obtain certificates from the Formal Private Education Network in Somalia (FPENS), including types of certificates available; content, appearance, and security features; verification services available for certificates...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
25 January 2022
Accessed Date:
23 February 2022
Title:
Requirements and procedures to obtain the Certificate of Identity; the Certificate of Identity, including its purpose, the issuing authorities, its content, appearance, and security features; sample (2020–January 2022)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
26 January 2022
Accessed Date:
23 February 2022
Title:
Ability to obtain documentation, including medical, education and employment records; effectiveness of the postal service, on both domestic and international level (2020–January 2022)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
28 January 2022
Accessed Date:
18 February 2022
Title:
Requirements and procedures to obtain a driver's licence, including residents and non-residents; government authorities responsible for verifying license and driving history (2019–October 2021)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
8 October 2021
Accessed Date:
21 February 2022
Title:
Joint Submission to the Human Rights Council at the 38th Session of the UPR: Somalia
Source:
Somali Women Development Centre et al.
Date of Document:
15 October 2020
Accessed Date:
23 February 2022
4.
Political Activities and Organizations
Source:
University of Central Arkansas
Accessed Date:
18 February 2022
Title:
Somalia 2016-2017 Limited Election Process. EU Election Expert Mission Final Report.
Source:
European Union Election Expert Mission to Somalia
Date of Document:
February 2017
Accessed Date:
12 March 2018
Title:
Treatment of members and supporters of the Justice and Welfare Party (UCID) and suspected members and supporters of the Ogaden National Liberation Front (ONLF) by authorities in Somaliland, including whether the authorities cooperate with...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
1 December 2017
Accessed Date:
14 March 2018
Title:
Information on the Peace and Human Rights Network (PHRN, also known as INXA), including foundation, objectives, structure, and leadership; treatment of staff and supporters of human rights groups, including PHRN, by Al Shabaab (2005-2013)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
15 August 2017
Accessed Date:
22 March 2018
Title:
Averting War in Northern Somalia. Africa Briefing N°141.
Source:
International Crisis Group
Date of Document:
27 June 2018
Accessed Date:
22 March 2019
Title:
Somalie : Les élections de 2016-2017
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
15 November 2019
Accessed Date:
27 October 2020
Title:
A Welcome Chance for a Reset in Somalia
Source:
International Crisis Group
Date of Document:
31 May 2022
Accessed Date:
6 March 2023
Title:
Republic of Somaliland. Election for President of 13 November 2017.
Source:
International Foundation for Electoral Systems. Election Guide.
Accessed Date:
17 March 2020
Title:
Protecting stability and inclusivity in Somalia's indirect election process
Source:
Somali Dialogue Platform; Somali Public Agenda
Date of Document:
December 2020
Accessed Date:
11 March 2021
Title:
The Somali political crisis calls into question its transitional plan
Date of Document:
3 June 2021
Accessed Date:
18 February 2022
Title:
Somalia's Politicians Play with Fire – Again
Source:
International Crisis Group
Date of Document:
14 September 2021
Accessed Date:
18 February 2022
Title:
Building on Somaliland's Successful Elections. Africa Briefing No 174.
Source:
International Crisis Group
Date of Document:
12 August 2021
Accessed Date:
18 February 2022
Title:
Overcoming Somaliland's Worsening Political Crisis
Source:
International Crisis Group
Date of Document:
10 November 2022
Accessed Date:
6 March 2023
Title:
About parliament; Election results. Somalia: House of the People.
Source:
Inter-Parliamentary Union. Parline.
Accessed Date:
6 March 2023
5.
Gender, Domestic Violence and Children
Title:
Excluding women: the clanization of Somali political institutions
Source:
Chr. Michelsen Institute
Date of Document:
July 2020
Accessed Date:
28 October 2020
Title:
The Complexity of Sexual and Gender-Based
Violence: Insights from Mogadishu and South Central Somalia
Source:
International Alert; International Committee for the Development of Peoples (CISP)
Date of Document:
October 2015
Accessed Date:
8 March 2016
Title:
Situation of women without a support network in Mogadishu, including access to employment and housing; treatment by society and authorities; support services available to female-headed households (2017-March 2019)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
25 March 2019
Accessed Date:
25 April 2019
Title:
Women and Al-Shabaab's Insurgency. Africa Briefing No 145.
Source:
International Crisis Group
Date of Document:
27 June 2019
Accessed Date:
17 March 2020
Title:
Country Policy and Information Note Somalia: Women fearing gender-based violence. Version 4.0.
Source:
United Kingdom. Home Office.
Date of Document:
April 2018
Accessed Date:
21 March 2019
Title:
Women in Somalia – Pregnancies and Children out of Wedlock
Source:
Sweden. Centre for Country of Origin Information and Analysis, Lifos.
Date of Document:
1 June 2017
Accessed Date:
12 March 2018
Title:
Children and armed conflict in Somalia. Report of the Secretary-General.
Source:
United Nations. Security Council.
Date of Document:
16 May 2022
Accessed Date:
6 March 2023
Title:
Somalia: Female Genital Mutilation (FGM)
Source:
Denmark. Danish Immigration Service.
Date of Document:
February 2021
Accessed Date:
18 February 2022
Title:
“It's Like We're Always in a Prison”: Abuses Against Boys Accused of National Security Offenses in Somalia
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
21 February 2018
Editor:
Maria Burnett et al.
Accessed Date:
21 March 2018
Title:
Country Marriage Pack. Somalia.
Source:
Ireland. Refugee Documentation Centre.
Date of Document:
April 2015
Accessed Date:
8 March 2016
Title:
Somalia: Marriage and divorce
Source:
Norway. Norwegian Country of Origin Information Centre, Landinfo.
Date of Document:
14 June 2018
Accessed Date:
22 March 2019
Title:
Initial report submitted by Somalia under article 44 of the Convention, due in 2017
Source:
United Nations. Committee on the Rights of the Child.
Date of Document:
16 October 2019
Accessed Date:
17 March 2020
Title:
Country Profile: FGM in Somalia and Somaliland
Date of Document:
March 2021
Accessed Date:
6 March 2023
Title:
Somalia. Female Genital Mutilation
Source:
Norway. Norwegian Country of Origin Information Centre, Landinfo.
Date of Document:
14 September 2022
Accessed Date:
8 February 2024
Title:
Gender Gap Assessment: South Central Somalia and Puntland
Source:
Save Somali Women and Children et al.
Date of Document:
11 January 2021
Accessed Date:
11 March 2021
Title:
Somalia National GBV Strategy
Source:
UNFPA; GBV Sub-Cluster Somalia
Date of Document:
27 July 2020
Accessed Date:
18 February 2022
Title:
Overview of Gender-Based Violence in Somalia
Date of Document:
14 April 2022
Accessed Date:
6 March 2023
Title:
Somalia. State-Sponsored Homophobia 2019.
Source:
International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association
Date of Document:
March 2019
Author:
Lucas Ramón Mendos
Accessed Date:
25 April 2019
Title:
Somalia: Situation for homosexuals
Source:
Norway. Norwegian Country of Origin Information Centre, Landinfo.
Date of Document:
16 June 2021
Accessed Date:
18 February 2022
Title:
Somalia. Our Identities Under Arrest: A global overview on the enforcement of laws criminalizing consensual same-sex sexual acts between adults and diverse gender expressions.
Source:
International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association.
Date of Document:
November 2023
Editor:
Lucas Ramón Mendos
Accessed Date:
20 February 2024
7.
Criminality and Corruption
Title:
Somalia. Country Reports on Terrorism 2022.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
30 November 2023
Accessed Date:
8 February 2024
Title:
Somalia. Trafficking in Persons Report 2023.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
June 2023
Accessed Date:
8 February 2024
Source:
Council on Foreign Relations
Date of Document:
6 December 2022
Author:
Claire Felter et al.
Accessed Date:
8 February 2024
Title:
Letter dated 2 November 2017 from the Monitoring Group on Somalia and Eritrea addressed to the Chair of the Security Council Committee pursuant to resolutions 751 (1992) and 1907 (2009) concerning Somalia and Eritrea
Source:
United Nations. Security Council.
Date of Document:
2 November 2017
Accessed Date:
12 March 2018
Title:
Still No Justice in Somalia Health Workers Massacre
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
25 May 2022
Accessed Date:
8 February 2024
Title:
Countering Al-Shabaab Propaganda and Recruitment Mechanisms in South Central Somalia
Source:
United Nations Assistance Mission in Somalia
Date of Document:
14 August 2017
Accessed Date:
12 March 2018
Title:
South and Central Somalia: Security situation, forced recruitment, and conditions for returnees
Source:
Denmark. Danish Immigration Service.
Date of Document:
July 2020
Accessed Date:
27 October 2020
Source:
Stanford University. Mapping Militant Organizations.
Date of Document:
January 2019
Accessed Date:
17 March 2020
Title:
Somalia Reeling from Devastating Attack on Education Ministry
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
1 November 2022
Accessed Date:
6 March 2023
Title:
ecoi.net featured topic on Somalia: Security Situation
Source:
Austrian Red Cross. Austrian Centre for Country of Origin and Asylum Research and Documentation.
Date of Document:
28 August 2020
Accessed Date:
11 March 2021
Title:
Somalie : Les milices Sool Sanaag Cayn (SSC)
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
27 April 2023
Accessed Date:
9 February 2024
Title:
Al-Shabaab. Country Reports on Terrorism 2022.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
30 November 2023
Accessed Date:
9 February 2024
Title:
OSAC Country Security Report. Somalia.
Source:
United States. Overseas Security Advisory Council.
Date of Document:
19 October 2022
Accessed Date:
6 March 2023
Title:
Letter dated 7 November 2018 from the Chair of the Security Council Committee pursuant to resolutions 751 (1992) and 1907 (2009) concerning Somalia and Eritrea addressed to the President of the Security Council
Source:
United Nations. Security Council.
Date of Document:
9 November 2018
Accessed Date:
17 March 2020
Title:
The situation with respect to piracy and armed robbery at sea off the coast of Somalia
Source:
United Nations. Security Council.
Date of Document:
1 November 2022
Accessed Date:
20 March 2023
Title:
Somalia: Türk decries steep rise in civilian casualties amid surge in Al-Shabaab attacks.
Source:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Date of Document:
14 November 2022
Accessed Date:
6 March 2023
Title:
Somalia, Fourth Quarter 2022: Update on incidents according to the Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED)
Source:
Austrian Red Cross. Austrian Centre for Country of Origin and Asylum Research and Documentation.
Date of Document:
12 April 2023
Accessed Date:
9 February 2024
Title:
Somalia: Violence in Mogadishu and developments since 2012
Source:
Norway. Norwegian Country of Origin Information Centre, Landinfo.
Date of Document:
30 October 2020
Accessed Date:
12 March 2021
Title:
Somalia: Al-Shabaab areas in Southern Somalia
Source:
Norway. Norwegian Country of Origin Information Centre, Landinfo.
Date of Document:
21 May 2019
Accessed Date:
12 March 2021
Title:
Al-Shabaab's Top Leader Transfers Power Amid Factional Strife
Source:
Jamestown Foundation
Date of Document:
23 October 2020
Accessed Date:
12 March 2021
Title:
Somalia: Inadequate US Airstrike Investigations
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
16 June 2020
Accessed Date:
12 March 2021
Title:
The Problem with Militias in Somalia: Almost Everyone Wants Them Despite Their Dangers. Hybrid Conflict, Hybrid Peace: How Militias and Paramilitary Groups Shape Post-conflict Transitions.
Source:
United Nations University. Centre for Policy Research.
Author:
Vanda Felbab-Brown
Accessed Date:
23 February 2022
Title:
Ending the Dangerous Standoff in Southern Somalia. Africa Briefing N° 158.
Source:
International Crisis Group
Date of Document:
14 July 2020
Accessed Date:
29 October 2020
Title:
Letter dated 28 September 2020 from the Chair of the Security Council Committee pursuant to resolution 751 (1992) concerning Somalia addressed to the President of the Security Council
Source:
United Nations. Security Council.
Date of Document:
28 September 2020
Accessed Date:
12 March 2021
Title:
Somalia: Defection, desertion and disengagement from Al-Shabaab
Source:
European Union. European Union Agency for Asylum.
Date of Document:
February 2023
Accessed Date:
20 March 2023
Title:
Country Policy and Information Note. Somalia: Al Shabaab. Version 3.0.
Source:
United Kingdom. Home Office.
Date of Document:
November 2020
Accessed Date:
11 March 2021
Title:
COI Query Response. Somalia: Information on forced recruitment by Al-Shabaab in the government-controlled areas, methods of recruitment, recruitment procedure, profiles of the recruited, consequences of refusal to join the group.
Source:
European Union. European Asylum Support Office.
Date of Document:
25 October 2019
Accessed Date:
12 March 2021
Title:
Country Guidance: Somalia
Source:
European Union. European Union Agency for Asylum.
Date of Document:
August 2023
Accessed Date:
23 February 2024
Title:
Somalia: Al-Shabaab [Al-Shabab], including leadership, structure, objectives, activities, areas of operation, ability to track persons of interest, and individuals who are targeted (2021–March 2023)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
7 March 2023
Accessed Date:
29 March 2023
Title:
Sustaining Gains in Somalia's Offensive against Al-Shabaab
Source:
International Crisis Group
Date of Document:
21 March 2023
Accessed Date:
9 February 2024
8.
Military Service - (No items in this section)
9.
Judiciary, Legal and Penal Systems
Title:
The Courts of “Absolute Power”: Fair Trial Violations by Somalia's Military Court.
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
21 May 2014
Accessed Date:
14 July 2014
Title:
Types of affidavits used, including differences between court-issued and notary-issued affidavits; requirements and procedure for the issuance of affidavits; availability of fraudulent affidavits (2019–June 2021)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
7 July 2021
Accessed Date:
22 July 2021
Title:
Kenya and Somalia: Copy of a Kenyan lawyer's stamp being fraudulently used to notarize affidavits, including for Somali clients (2018–March 2021)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
23 March 2021
Accessed Date:
7 February 2022
Title:
Requirements and procedure for the issuance of affidavits; content, appearance, and security features; types of affidavits available and cost; prevalence of fraudulent affidavits; samples (2020–January 2022)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
25 January 2022
Accessed Date:
23 February 2022
Title:
Federal Republic of Somalia Provisional Constitution
Accessed Date:
23 February 2022
Title:
Somalia: Requirements and procedures for a statutory declaration, including the statute of legislation that governs steps towards declaration (2021–March 2023)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
8 March 2023
Accessed Date:
29 March 2023
Title:
Accessing Justice: Somalia's Alternative Dispute Resolution Centers
Source:
International Development Law Organization
Date of Document:
December 2020
Accessed Date:
20 March 2023
10.
Police and Security Forces
Title:
Whether police investigate killings committed by Al-Shabaab [Al-Shabab] in Mogadishu, including whether police reports are written; procedures to obtain a copy of a police report (2014-June 2016)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
14 June 2016
Accessed Date:
26 May 2017
Title:
L'armée nationale Somalienne (SNA)
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
6 June 2018
Accessed Date:
17 March 2020
Title:
Somalie: La National Intelligence and Security Agency (NISA)
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
8 January 2021
Accessed Date:
18 February 2022
Title:
Somalia. The Law on Police Use of Force Worldwide
Source:
University of Pretoria. Institute for International and Comparative Law in Africa.
Accessed Date:
20 March 2023
Title:
Journalists face persistent onslaught, new media law further threatens expression
Date of Document:
16 October 2020
Accessed Date:
12 March 2021
Title:
The precarious enjoyment of freedom of expression in Somalia
Source:
United Nations Assistance Mission in Somalia
Date of Document:
September 2018
Accessed Date:
17 March 2020
Title:
Massive wave of arrests in Somaliland : 14 journalists behind bars
Source:
Reporters Without Borders
Date of Document:
14 April 2022
Accessed Date:
6 March 2023
Title:
RSF requests urgent adoption of moratorium on arrests of journalists
Source:
Reporters Without Borders
Date of Document:
8 January 2021
Accessed Date:
12 March 2021
Title:
State of the Media Report: 2022
Source:
National Union of Somali Journalists
Date of Document:
14 February 2023
Accessed Date:
9 February 2024
Title:
Somalia. International Religious Freedom Report for 2022.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
15 May 2023
Accessed Date:
9 February 2024
Title:
Treatment of non-Muslims, including those who commit apostasy, by society and extremist groups, including al-Shabaab (2013-April 2014)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
29 April 2014
Accessed Date:
30 March 2015
Title:
Situation of practitioners of Sufism in Mogadishu; incidents of violence involving al Shabaab [Al-Shabaab] and practitioners of Sufism; security situation and availability of state protection in Mogadishu (2013-November 2014)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
24 November 2014
Accessed Date:
30 March 2015
Title:
Understanding the Concept of Islamic Sufism
Source:
Journal of Education and Social Policy
Date of Document:
June 2014
Accessed Date:
30 March 2017
Title:
Situation of practitioners of Sufism, including treatment by Al-Shabaab [al-Shabab], and role of Ahlu Sunnah Wal Jamaa [Ahlu Sunna Wal-Jamea, Ahlu Sunnah Wal Jama'a, Ahlu Sunna Wal Jama'a, Ahl al-Sunnah Wal-Jamaa, Ahlu Sunna Waljma'a] (ASWJ)...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
27 March 2018
Accessed Date:
27 April 2018
13.
Nationality, Ethnicity and Race
Title:
No redress: Somalia's forgotten minorities
Source:
Minority Rights Group International
Date of Document:
November 2010
Accessed Date:
17 January 2013
Title:
Genealogical Table of Somali Clans
Source:
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
Accessed Date:
17 January 2013
Title:
Government and Clan System in Somalia: Report from Fact Finding Mission to Nairobi, Kenya, and Mogadishu, Hargeisa and Boosaaso in Somalia in June 2012.
Source:
Sweden. Centre for Country of Origin Information and Analysis, Lifos.
Date of Document:
5 March 2013
Accessed Date:
13 December 2013
Title:
Somalia: Protection and Conflict Resolution Mechanisms
Source:
Norway. Norwegian Country of Origin Information Centre, Landinfo.
Date of Document:
30 September 2011
Accessed Date:
17 January 2013
Title:
Report on minority groups in Somalia: Joint British, Danish and Dutch Fact-Finding Mission to Nairobi, Kenya, 17-24 September 2000
Source:
Denmark. Danish Immigration Service.
Accessed Date:
17 January 2013
Title:
Information on the Ashraf clan, including the location of their traditional homeland, affiliated clans, risks they face from other tribes; whether the name Sharif is given to a male at birth
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
23 November 2010
Accessed Date:
17 January 2013
Title:
Distinguishing characteristics of the Gabooye (Midgan) people; whether it is possible for a member of the minority clan living in Mogadishu to hide that they are part of the Gabooye from his or her spouse and in-laws, who are members of a majority clan.
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
7 October 2013
Accessed Date:
19 December 2013
Title:
Somalia. World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples.
Source:
Minority Rights Group International
Date of Document:
May 2018
Accessed Date:
17 March 2020
Title:
The Total Somali Clan Genealogy (Second Edition)
Source:
Leiden University. African Studies Centre.
Date of Document:
18 December 2009
Accessed Date:
8 May 2017
Title:
Clans in Somalia: Report on a Lecture by Joakim Gundel, COI Workshop Vienna, 15 May 2009 (Revised Edition)
Source:
Austrian Red Cross. Austrian Centre for Country
of Origin and Asylum Research and Documentation.
Date of Document:
December 2009
Accessed Date:
16 March 2015
Title:
The Biyomal [Biimaal, Biyomaal, Biymaal, Biyamal] clan, including work, history, religious affiliation, location within the country, particularly Nus Dunya; the Rahanweyn [Rahanwen] clan, including location in the country; treatment of the...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
2 October 2015
Accessed Date:
22 March 2016
Title:
The Moblen clan, including genealogy, history, cultural practices, location, and occupations; relationship with authorities, Al Shabaab, and other clans, including Hawiye sub-clans (2016 - February 2018)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
19 February 2018
Accessed Date:
13 March 2020
Title:
The Gabooye (Midgan) people, including the location of their traditional homeland, affiliated clans, and risks they face from other clans
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
4 December 2012
Accessed Date:
17 January 2013
Title:
The Bravanese (Barawan) ethnic group, including the location of their traditional homeland, affiliated clans and risks they face from other clans
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
3 December 2012
Accessed Date:
17 January 2013
Title:
The Reer Hamar and/or Benadiri, including the location of their traditional homeland, affiliated clans and risks they face from other clans
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
3 December 2012
Accessed Date:
17 January 2013
Title:
The Tunni ethnic group, including regions where its members reside; treatment by society, authorities and Al Shabaab; relationship with other clans (2012-December 2014)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
22 December 2014
Accessed Date:
30 March 2015
Title:
The Hawrarsame clan, including its current situation and relationship with other clans (2005-2013)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
4 February 2014
Accessed Date:
30 March 2015
Title:
Minorities in Somalia. Somalia: Security, Minorities and Migration.
Source:
Austria. Federal Ministry of the Interior.
Accessed Date:
16 March 2015
Title:
Reports of clashes between Hawiye (or subclan Hawadle) and Dir clans/sub-clans in the area of Beledweyne [Beled Weyne, Belet Weyne] in Hiiraan [Hiiran, Hiiraan] and in Mogadishu; state of interclan relations between the Hawiye and Dir...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
26 April 2016
Accessed Date:
26 May 2017
Title:
Information on the Ajuran clan, including location, clan affiliation, and whether the clan is a minority; treatment of members; reports of armed clashes with the Ogaden clan; reports of targeting of members of the Ajuran by Al Shabaa...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
31 August 2016
Accessed Date:
29 May 2017
Title:
Information on the Arab Salah ethnic group, including location, clan lineage and affiliation, including whether the clan is a minority (2014-July 2016)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
24 August 2016
Accessed Date:
29 May 2017
Title:
Information on the Degodia clan, including distinguishing features, locations, occupations and position in the clan hierarchy; treatment (2014-August 2016)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
2 September 2016
Accessed Date:
29 May 2017
Title:
Information on the Ujejen sub-clan, including distinguishing features, locations, occupations and position in the clan hierarchy; treatment (2014-November 2016)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
10 November 2016
Accessed Date:
29 May 2017
Title:
Information on the Dabare Waqbare sub-clan, including distinguishing features, locations, occupations and position in the clan hierarchy; treatment, including the ability of members to live in Mogadishu (2014-October 2017)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
25 October 2017
Accessed Date:
9 March 2018
Title:
Information on the Ogaden clan in Somaliland, including distinguishing features, locations, occupations and position in the clan hierarchy; treatment by the Somaliland authorities and by al-Shabaab (2015-October 2017)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
23 November 2017
Accessed Date:
22 March 2018
Title:
Information on the Gadsan clan, including history, cultural practices, locations, occupations and position in the clan hierarchy; relationship with other clans, authorities and Al Shabaab (2015-December 2017)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
14 December 2017
Accessed Date:
22 March 2018
Title:
Information on the Darood [Darod, Daarood] clan, including distinguishing features, locations, occupations and position in the clan hierarchy; treatment by authorities and other clans, including the Hawiye clan; ability of members to live in ...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
5 April 2018
Accessed Date:
26 March 2019
Title:
The Badi-Ade [Badi Ado; Baadicade; Badi Ade; Badi'ade; Badi Adde; Baadi-cadde; Baada-Adde] clan, including distinguishing features, locations, occupations and position in clan hierarchy; treatment by authorities and other clans (2012-April 2018)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
12 April 2018
Accessed Date:
26 March 2019
Title:
COI Query Somalia: Situation of the Gaboye Minority Group in Somalia, especially in Somaliland and Puntland
Source:
European Union. European Asylum Support Office.
Date of Document:
30 March 2021
Accessed Date:
18 February 2022
Title:
Focus Somalie. Clans et minorités.
Source:
Swiss Confederation. State Secretariat for Migration.
Date of Document:
31 May 2017
Accessed Date:
27 October 2020
Title:
Somalie : le groupe minoritaire des Gabooye/Midgan
Source:
Organisation suisse d'aide aux réfugiés
Date of Document:
5 July 2018
Accessed Date:
27 October 2020
Source:
Norway. Norwegian Country of Origin Information Centre, Landinfo.
Date of Document:
10 August 2018
Accessed Date:
12 March 2021
14.
Exit/Entry and Freedom of Movement
Title:
Somaliland, including government structure, security, and presence of internally displaced persons (IDPs) from Somalia (2016-March 2018)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
23 March 2018
Accessed Date:
28 March 2018
Title:
Puntland, including government structure, security, and access for internally displaced persons (IDPs) from Somalia
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
25 November 2011
Accessed Date:
17 January 2013
Title:
Dadaab Returnee Conflict Assessment
Source:
Danish Demining Group
Date of Document:
August 2017
Accessed Date:
21 March 2018
Title:
Frequency of members of the diaspora returning to live in the country, and particularly in Mogadishu; availability of housing and employment to diaspora returnees, including difficulties related to clan membership and economic opportunities (2012-2015)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
13 March 2015
Accessed Date:
30 March 2015
Title:
A Review of the Legal Framework Relating to the Proposed Closure of the Dadaab Refugee Camp and Repatriation of Somali Refugees
Source:
Thomson Reuters Foundation. TrustLaw.
Date of Document:
November 2017
Accessed Date:
21 March 2018
Title:
Not Time to Go Home: Unsustainable Returns of Refugees to Somalia
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
21 December 2017
Accessed Date:
22 March 2019
Title:
Land Matters in Mogadishu: Settlement, ownership and displacement in a contested city
Source:
Rift Valley Institute; Heritage Institute for Policy Studies
Accessed Date:
21 March 2018
Title:
Somalia: Displacement Situation Report Site Assessment Round 7 (July - August 2019)
Source:
International Organization for Migration
Date of Document:
5 March 2020
Accessed Date:
27 October 2020
Title:
Mexico and Somalia: Visas and permits issued to Somali citizens to transit through Mexico (2016-March 2018)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
15 March 2018
Accessed Date:
28 March 2018
Title:
United States: Requirements and procedures to obtain a copy of an asylum claim, including information on the forms, identity information needed, and how long requests take to process; circumstances under which an individual would not be able to obtain...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
20 January 2012
Accessed Date:
14 November 2012
Title:
Information on refugees resettled in the US by the UNHCR, including status documents provided; ability to study, work, access social security, and travel outside the US; impact of travel outside the US on residency status and ability to...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
5 April 2017
Accessed Date:
21 March 2018
Title:
Period of authorized stay for holders of visitor visas (B1, B2 and B1/B2) (2016-February 2018)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
6 February 2018
Accessed Date:
21 March 2018
Title:
Treatment of returnees in Somaliland by authorities and society; ability of an individual to relocate to Somaliland, including access to employment, housing, and social services (2018-March 2019)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
19 March 2019
Accessed Date:
26 March 2019
Title:
City of Flight: New and secondary displacements in Mogadishu, Somalia. UnSettlement: Urban displacement in the 21st century.
Source:
Norwegian Refugee Council; Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre
Date of Document:
November 2018
Author:
Ivana Hajžmanová; Vicente Anzellini
Accessed Date:
17 March 2020
Title:
Banadir Regional Administration and Municipality of Mogadishu: Internally Displaced Person and Refugee Returnees Policy
Date of Document:
January 2019
Accessed Date:
17 March 2020
Title:
Somalia post return monitoring snapshot September 2022.
Source:
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
Date of Document:
9 November 2022
Accessed Date:
6 March 2023
Title:
Somalia: Estimated IDP Population in Informal Sites and Camp-Like Settings (February 2019)
Source:
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
Date of Document:
5 July 2019
Accessed Date:
17 March 2020
Title:
Update to SOM200233 on entry and exit requirements at land borders and airports, including documentation required; whether there are checkpoints for domestic and international travel; whether there are travel agencies that facilitate travel within ...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
7 January 2022
Accessed Date:
23 February 2022
Title:
No Going Back: The New Urban Face of Internal Displacement in Somalia
Source:
Refugees International
Date of Document:
25 May 2023
Author:
Abdullahi Boru Halakhe , Sarah Miller
Accessed Date:
9 February 2024
15.
Labour, Employment and Unions - (No items in this section)
Title:
Somalia. Q&A: Political Advisor to the African Union Mission in Somalia. Research Directorate Session Transcript.
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
18 October 2017
Accessed Date:
21 March 2018
Title:
Somalia. Q&A: Representative of Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada. Research Directorate Session Transcript.
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
18 October 2017
Accessed Date:
21 March 2018
The following changes have been made to the previous package dated 31 March 2023:
Title:
Somalia. The World Factbook.
Source:
United States. Central Intelligence Agency.
Date of Document:
14 March 2023
URL:
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/somalia/
Accessed Date:
20 March 2023
Title:
Country of Origin Information Report on South and Central Somalia
Source:
Netherlands. Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
Date of Document:
March 2019
URL:
https://www.ecoi.net/en/file/local/2010322/COISomaliaMarch2019.pdf
Accessed Date:
29 October 2020
Title:
Somalia Road Network. Logistics Capacity Assessment.
Source:
World Food Programme
Date of Document:
31 May 2018
URL:
https://dlca.logcluster.org/display/public/DLCA/2.3+Somalia+Road+Network
Accessed Date:
21 March 2019
Title:
Somalie. L'aménagement linguistique dans le monde.
Source:
L'aménagement linguistique dans le monde
Date of Document:
22 April 2022
URL:
http://www.axl.cefan.ulaval.ca/afrique/somalie.htm
Accessed Date:
20 March 2023
Title:
Somalia. World Report 2023: Events of 2022.
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
January 2023
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2023/country-chapters/somalia#:~:text=In%202022%2C%20the%20country%20faced,final%20quarter%20of%20the%20year.
Accessed Date:
20 March 2023
Title:
Somalia. Freedom in the World 2022.
URL:
https://freedomhouse.org/country/somalia/freedom-world/2022
Accessed Date:
27 March 2023
Title:
Somaliland. Freedom in the World 2022.
URL:
https://freedomhouse.org/country/somaliland/freedom-world/2022
Accessed Date:
27 March 2023
Title:
Somalia. Amnesty International Report 2021/22: The State of the World's Human Rights.
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
29 March 2022
URL:
https://www.amnesty.org/fr/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/POL1048702022ENGLISH.pdf
Accessed Date:
6 March 2023
Title:
Somalia. U.S.Visa: Reciprocity and Civil Documents by Country.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
URL:
https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/us-visas/Visa-Reciprocity-and-Civil-Documents-by-Country/Somalia.html
Accessed Date:
20 March 2023
Title:
Somalia. Our Identities Under Arrest: A global overview on the enforcement of laws criminalizing consensual same-sex sexual acts between adults and diverse gender expressions.
Source:
International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association.
Date of Document:
15 December 2021
Editor:
Lucas Ramón Mendos
URL:
https://ilga.org/downloads/Our_Identities_Under_Arrest_2021.pdf
Accessed Date:
6 March 2023
Title:
Somalia. Country Reports on Terrorism 2021.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
27 February 2023
URL:
https://www.state.gov/reports/country-reports-on-terrorism-2021/somalia/
Accessed Date:
20 March 2023
Title:
Somalia. Trafficking in Persons Report 2022.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
19 July 2022
URL:
https://www.state.gov/reports/2022-trafficking-in-persons-report/somalia/
Accessed Date:
6 March 2023
Source:
Council on Foreign Relations
Date of Document:
19 May 2021
Author:
Claire Felter et al.
URL:
https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/al-shabab
Accessed Date:
18 February 2022
Title:
Al-Shabaab. Country Reports on Terrorism 2020.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
16 December 2021
URL:
https://www.state.gov/reports/country-reports-on-terrorism-2020/#AS
Accessed Date:
6 March 2023
Title:
Somalia, Third Quarter 2021: Update on incidents according to the Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED)
Source:
Austrian Red Cross. Austrian Centre for Country of Origin and Asylum Research and Documentation.
Date of Document:
16 December 2021
URL:
https://www.ecoi.net/en/file/local/2065662/2021q3Somalia_en.pdf
Accessed Date:
20 March 2023
Title:
Country Guidance: Somalia
Source:
European Union. European Union Agency for Asylum.
Date of Document:
June 2022
URL:
https://euaa.europa.eu/publications/country-guidance-somalia
Accessed Date:
20 March 2023
Title:
State of the Media Report: 2021
Source:
National Union of Somali Journalists
URL:
https://www.nusoj.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/NUSOJ-State-of-the-media-report.pdf
Accessed Date:
6 March 2023
Title:
Somalia. International Religious Freedom Report for 2021.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
2 June 2022
URL:
https://www.state.gov/reports/2021-report-on-international-religious-freedom/somalia/
Accessed Date:
6 March 2023
Title:
Situation in Somalia. Report of the Secretary-General.
Source:
United Nations. Security Council.
Date of Document:
1 September 2022
URL:
https://undocs.org/en/s/2022/665
Accessed Date:
6 March 2023
Title:
“We Just Watched Covid-19 Patients Die”: Covid-19 Exposed Somalia's Weak Healthcare System but Debt Relief can Transform it
Source:
Amnesty International
URL:
https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/afr52/4602/2021/en/
Accessed Date:
18 February 2022
Title:
Disability in Somalia. K4D Helpdesk Report.
Source:
Institute of Development Studies. Governance and Social Development Resource Centre.
Date of Document:
19 January 2018
Author:
Brigitte Rohwerder
URL:
http://www.gsdrc.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/266-Disability-in-Somalia.pdf
Accessed Date:
21 March 2018
Title:
Somalia: Conflict Exacerbates Human Rights Violations and Abuses. Amnesty International Submission for The UN Universal Periodic Review, 38th Session of the UPR Working Group, May 2021.
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
9 November 2020
URL:
https://www.amnesty.org/en/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/AFR5233152020ENGLISH.pdf
Accessed Date:
11 March 2021
Title:
Somalia. Social Institutions and Gender Index 2019.
Source:
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
Date of Document:
7 December 2018
URL:
https://www.genderindex.org/wp-content/uploads/files/datasheets/2019/SO.pdf
Accessed Date:
22 March 2019
Title:
COI Query Response. Somalia: Legal framework - Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C) in Somalia; Current prevalence of FGM/C in Somalia, according to socio-economic factors (age, education, ethnicity, religion, place of residence, wealth); Social…
Source:
European Union. European Asylum Support Office.
Date of Document:
23 July 2019
URL:
https://www.ecoi.net/en/file/local/2013242/2019_07_23_EASO_COI_QUERY_Somalia_FGM_Q19.pdf
Accessed Date:
17 March 2020
Title:
GBV/FGM Rapid Assessment Report in the Context of COVID-19 Pandemic in Somalia
Source:
United Nations Population Fund
Date of Document:
July 2020
URL:
https://somalia.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/gbv_fgm_rapid_assessment_report_31july2020.pdf
Accessed Date:
28 October 2020
Title:
Somalia: Ensure Justice in Health Worker Massacre
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
23 November 2020
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/11/23/somalia-ensure-justice-health-worker-massacre
Accessed Date:
11 March 2021
Title:
Situation in South and Central Somalia (including Mogadishu)
Source:
Asylum Research Centre
Date of Document:
25 January 2018
URL:
https://www.refworld.org/docid/5a6f16d44.html
Accessed Date:
22 March 2019
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/38/SOM/2
Source:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Date of Document:
26 February 2021
URL:
https://undocs.org/en/A/HRC/WG.6/38/SOM/2
Accessed Date:
18 February 2022
Title:
National report submitted in accordance with paragraph 5 of the annex to Human Rights Council resolution 16/21: Somalia
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/38/SOM/1
Date of Document:
26 February 2021
URL:
https://undocs.org/en/A/HRC/WG.6/38/SOM/1
Accessed Date:
18 February 2022
Title:
Excluding women: the clanization of Somali political institutions
Source:
Chr. Michelsen Institute
Date of Document:
July 2020
URL:
https://www.cmi.no/publications/file/7277-excluding-women-the-clanization-of-somali-political-institutions.pdf
Accessed Date:
28 October 2020
Title:
Somalia National GBV Strategy
Source:
UNFPA; GBV Sub-Cluster Somalia
Date of Document:
27 July 2020
URL:
https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Somalia%20-%20National%20GBV%20strategy%202018-2020.pdf
Accessed Date:
18 February 2022
Title:
Situation in Somalia. Report of the Secretary-General.
Source:
United Nations. Security Council.
Date of Document:
13 October 2023
URL:
https://undocs.org/en/S/2023/758
Accessed Date:
6 February 2024
Title:
Somalie : Point de situation sécuritaire
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
28 September 2023
URL:
https://ofpra.gouv.fr/libraries/pdf.js/web/viewer.html?file=/sites/default/files/ofpra_flora/2309_som_situation_securitaire_160684_web.pdf
Accessed Date:
6 February 2024
Title:
Somalia. Civic Freedom Monitor.
Source:
International Center for Not-for-Profit Law
Date of Document:
17 January 2024
URL:
https://www.icnl.org/resources/civic-freedom-monitor/somalia
Accessed Date:
6 February 2024
Title:
Time for Somaliland and the Dhulbahante to Talk
Source:
International Crisis Group
Date of Document:
19 May 2023
URL:
https://www.crisisgroup.org/africa/horn-africa/somaliland/time-somaliland-and-dhulbahante-talk
Accessed Date:
6 February 2024
Source:
United States. Congressional Research Service.
Date of Document:
27 July 2023
URL:
https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/IF/IF10155
Accessed Date:
6 February 2024
Title:
Somalia. Female Genital Mutilation
Source:
Norway. Norwegian Country of Origin Information Centre, Landinfo.
Date of Document:
14 September 2022
URL:
https://landinfo.no/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Report-Somalia-Female-Genital-Mutilation-14092022-1.pdf
Accessed Date:
8 February 2024
Title:
Still No Justice in Somalia Health Workers Massacre
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
25 May 2022
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/news/2022/05/25/still-no-justice-somalia-health-workers-massacre
Accessed Date:
8 February 2024
Title:
Somalie : Les milices Sool Sanaag Cayn (SSC)
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
27 April 2023
URL:
https://www.ofpra.gouv.fr/libraries/pdf.js/web/viewer.html?file=/sites/default/files/ofpra_flora/2304_som_ssc_158959_web_.pdf
Accessed Date:
9 February 2024
Title:
Sustaining Gains in Somalia's Offensive against Al-Shabaab
Source:
International Crisis Group
Date of Document:
21 March 2023
URL:
https://www.crisisgroup.org/africa/horn-africa/somalia/b187-sustaining-gains-somalias-offensive-against-al-shabaab
Accessed Date:
9 February 2024
Title:
No Going Back: The New Urban Face of Internal Displacement in Somalia
Source:
Refugees International
Date of Document:
25 May 2023
Author:
Abdullahi Boru Halakhe , Sarah Miller
URL:
https://www.refugeesinternational.org/reports-briefs/no-going-back-the-new-urban-face-of-internal-displacement-in-somalia/
Accessed Date:
9 February 2024
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