National Documentation Packages (NDPs) are lists of public documents that provide information on country conditions. Updates occur on a regular basis. NDPs are updated cyclically based on publicly available information. In periods of rapid change and/or uncertainty, updates may be delayed to allow sufficient time to build a body of relevant information.
NDPs support the refugee determination process. They do not imply recognition of a particular territory's sovereignty or political status.
NDPs include Responses to Information Requests (RIRs) published by the IRB on its website which may have attachments that are inaccessible due to technical constraints and may include translations of documents originally written in languages other than English or French. To obtain a copy of such attachments and/or translated version of the
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Jurisprudential Guides Notes
Jurisprudential Guides Notes
On
July 28, 2022, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide:
-
Decision TC1 05038 – The proper interpretation of the ‘generalized risk’ exception to protection found at subparagraph 97(1)(b)(ii) of the Act, in claims for protection involving allegations of gang-targeting or other acts of criminality.
On
December 22, 2020, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide.
-
Decision MB8-00025 – This Jurisprudential Guide addresses, in applying Article 1E of the Refugee Convention, whether members should consider allegations of risk in a country of residence if they conclude that a refugee claimant has the rights and obligations which are attached to the possession of nationality in that country.
On
July 6, 2018, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide.
-
Decision TB7-19851 – Nigeria – This Jurisprudential Guide addresses internal flight alternatives in major cities in south and central Nigeria for claimants fleeing non-state actors.
Revoked
The country documentation referenced in each of these decisions has been included in s.16 of the updated National Documentation Packages published on July 10, 2018.
On
July 20, 2017, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being
Jurisprudential Guides.
-
Decision TB7-01837 – Pakistan – Whether the treatment experienced by Ahmadis in Pakistan amounts to persecution, whether state protection is available and whether there is a viable internal flight alternative.
-
Decision MB6-01059/60 – India – Availability of an internal flight alternative in India for claimants from Punjab.
Revoked
-
Decision TB6-11632 – China – Analysis of the efficacy of the Chinese national computer network known as the Golden Shield Project and its impact on whether a person wanted by the authorities can exit China via an airport using a genuine passport.
Revoked
The country documentation referenced in each of these decisions has been included in s.16 of the updated National Documentation Packages published on July 20, 2017.
Back
31 May 2024
EL SALVADOR
List of Documents
1.
General Information and Maps
Source:
United Nations. Cartographic Section.
Date of Document:
May 2004
Accessed Date:
17 October 2012
Title:
El Salvador. Civic Freedom Monitor.
Source:
International Center for Not-for-Profit Law
Date of Document:
22 October 2023
Accessed Date:
24 November 2023
Title:
El Salvador. The World Factbook.
Source:
United States. Central Intelligence Agency.
Date of Document:
14 November 2023
Accessed Date:
27 November 2023
Title:
El Salvador. Social Security Programs Throughout the World: The Americas, 2019.
Source:
United States. Social Security Administration.
Date of Document:
March 2019
Accessed Date:
5 November 2020
Title:
Eligibility Guidelines for Assessing the International Protection Needs of Asylum-Seekers from El Salvador
Additional Info.:
Document referenced in the Refugee Appeal Division Jurisprudential Guide TC1-05038 and published as 1.5 in the El Salvador National Documentation Package, dated 30 November 2020.
Source:
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
Date of Document:
March 2016
Accessed Date:
12 April 2016
Title:
Salvador : Situation sécuritaire. COI Focus.
Source:
Belgium. Office of the Commissioner General for Refugees and Stateless Persons.
Date of Document:
4 July 2022
Accessed Date:
10 November 2022
Title:
El Salvador. BTI 2022 Country Report.
Date of Document:
February 2022
Accessed Date:
10 November 2022
Title:
Country Policy and Information Note. El Salvador: Actors of protection. Version 1.0.
Source:
United Kingdom. Home Office.
Date of Document:
February 2021
Accessed Date:
8 November 2021
Title:
Présentation du Salvador
Source:
France. Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères.
Date of Document:
7 August 2023
Accessed Date:
27 November 2023
Source:
United States. Congressional Research Service.
Date of Document:
29 April 2022
Author:
Clare Ribando Seelke; Joshua Klein
Accessed Date:
10 November 2022
Title:
El Salvador: Central America & Mexico Migration Crisis. Emergency Appeal: Country Operational Strategy.
Source:
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
Date of Document:
2 September 2022
Accessed Date:
10 November 2022
Title:
El Salvador. Humanitarian Needs Overview 2023.
Source:
United Nations. Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs.
Date of Document:
December 2022
Accessed Date:
27 November 2023
Title:
“I want my place:” Housing, land and property (HLP) rights for persons affected by displacement in El Salvador
Source:
Norwegian Refugee Council
Date of Document:
July 2022
Accessed Date:
27 November 2023
Title:
El Salvador. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2023.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
22 April 2024
Accessed Date:
15 May 2024
Title:
El Salvador. Amnesty International Report 2022/23: The State of the World's Human Rights.
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
27 March 2023
Accessed Date:
27 November 2023
Title:
El Salvador. Freedom in the World 2023.
Accessed Date:
27 November 2023
Title:
Third periodic report submitted by El Salvador under article 19 of the Convention, due in 2013
Date of Document:
17 March 2020
Accessed Date:
6 November 2020
Title:
El Salvador. The Impact of Violence on the Right to Health for Displaced Persons in the North of Central America and Mexico.
Source:
Norwegian Refugee Council
Date of Document:
June 2020
Accessed Date:
5 November 2020
Title:
Compilation on El Salvador
Additional Info.:
Document referenced in the Refugee Appeal Division Jurisprudential Guide TC1-05038 and published as 2.6 in the El Salvador National Documentation Package, dated 30 November 2020.
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/34/SLV/2
Source:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Date of Document:
22 August 2019
Accessed Date:
5 November 2020
Title:
National report submitted in accordance with paragraph 5 of the annex to Human Rights Council resolution 16/21: El Salvador
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/34/SLV/1
Date of Document:
20 August 2019
Accessed Date:
5 November 2020
Title:
Deported to Danger: United States Deportation Policies Expose Salvadorans to Death and Abuse
Additional Info.:
Document referenced in the Refugee Appeal Division Jurisprudential Guide TC1-05038 and published as 2.8 in the El Salvador National Documentation Package, dated 30 November 2020.
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
5 February 2020
Author:
Clara Long et al.
Editor:
Grace Meng et al.
Accessed Date:
5 November 2020
Title:
Report of the Special Rapporteur on the promotion of truth, justice, reparation and guarantees of non-recurrence on his visit to El Salvador
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
9 July 2020
Accessed Date:
5 November 2020
Title:
Summary of Stakeholders' submissions on El Salvador
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/34/SLV/3
Source:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Date of Document:
21 August 2019
Accessed Date:
5 November 2020
Title:
El Salvador. World Report 2023: Events of 2022.
Source:
Human Rights watch
Date of Document:
January 2023
Accessed Date:
27 November 2023
Title:
Sixth periodic report submitted by El Salvador under articles 16 and 17 of the Covenant
Date of Document:
2 December 2019
Accessed Date:
6 November 2020
Title:
El Salvador. Chapter V: Follow-up of recommendations issued by the IACHR in its Country or Thematic Reports.
Source:
Organization of American States. Inter-American Commission on Human Rights.
Accessed Date:
27 November 2023
Title:
One Year Under the State of Exception: A Permanent a Measure of Repression and Human Rights Violations. Situation Report: March 27, 2022 – March 27, 2023
Source:
Cristosal Human Rights
Date of Document:
12 May 2023
Accessed Date:
27 November 2023
Title:
“We Can Arrest Anyone We Want.” Widespread Human Rights Violations Under El Salvador's “State of Emergency.”
Source:
Human Rights Watch; Cristosal Derechos Humanos
Date of Document:
December 2022
Accessed Date:
27 November 2023
Title:
El Salvador. Chapter IV.A: Human Rights Development in the Region. Annual Report 2022.
Source:
Organization of American States. Inter-American Commission on Human Rights.
Date of Document:
1 April 2023
Accessed Date:
27 November 2023
Title:
El Salvador Escalates Gang Crackdown With New Measures
Date of Document:
4 August 2023
Accessed Date:
27 November 2023
Title:
Concluding observations on the third periodic report of El Salvador
Source:
United Nations. Committee against Torture.
Date of Document:
19 December 2022
Accessed Date:
27 November 2023
Title:
Concluding observations on the sixth periodic report of El Salvador
Source:
United Nations. Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights.
Date of Document:
9 November 2022
Accessed Date:
27 November 2023
3.
Identification Documents and Citizenship
Title:
Title IV: Nationality. El Salvador's Constitution of 1983 with Amendments through 2014.
Source:
El Salvador; Comparative Constitutions Project
Accessed Date:
27 November 2023
Title:
Report on Citizenship Law: El Salvador
Source:
European University Institute. European Union Democracy Observatory on Citizenship.
Date of Document:
December 2015
Accessed Date:
7 September 2016
Title:
Birth and death certificates, including procedures for issuing them and the information provided by them
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
28 June 2011
Accessed Date:
17 October 2012
Title:
El Salvador. U.S. Visa: Reciprocity and Civil Documents by Country.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Accessed Date:
27 November 2023
4.
Political Activities and Organizations
Title:
Republic of El Salvador. Election for President of 3 February 2019.
Source:
International Foundation for Electoral Systems. Election Guide.
Accessed Date:
9 September 2019
Title:
Saving Democracy: Reducing Gang Influence on Political Elections in El Salvador
Source:
John F. Kennedy School of Government. Harvard University.
Date of Document:
12 March 2022
Author:
Eleno Castro; Randy Kotti
Accessed Date:
10 November 2022
Title:
About parliament. El Salvador: Legislative Assembly.
Source:
Inter-Parliamentary Union. Parline.
Accessed Date:
8 November 2021
Title:
Republic of El Salvador. Election for Asamblea Legislativa (Salvadorian Legislative Assembly) of 28 February 2021.
Source:
International Foundation for Electoral Systems. Election Guide.
Accessed Date:
8 November 2021
Title:
El Salvador sentences former president to 6 years in jail
Date of Document:
6 July 2023
Accessed Date:
27 November 2023
5.
Gender, Domestic Violence and Children
Title:
Violence against women, including non-domestic sexual violence, legislation, state protection and support services
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
15 September 2015
Accessed Date:
28 September 2015
Title:
Domestic violence, including legislation, state protection and support services
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
17 September 2015
Accessed Date:
28 September 2015
Title:
Tenth periodic report submitted by El Salvador under article 18 of the Convention, due in 2021
Date of Document:
6 October 2021
Accessed Date:
27 November 2023
Title:
Gender-Based Violence. Country Profile: El Salvador.
Date of Document:
June 2023
Accessed Date:
27 November 2023
Title:
Left in the Dark: Violence Against Women and LGBTI Persons in Honduras and El Salvador
Source:
Latin America Working Group
Date of Document:
7 March 2018
Author:
Andrea Fernández Aponte
Accessed Date:
6 September 2018
Title:
Women jailed under El Salvador's abortion ban are now fighting to end it
Date of Document:
22 May 2023
Author:
Alice Pistolesi; Monica Pelliccia
Accessed Date:
27 November 2023
Title:
El Salvador's Compliance with the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights: Gender-based Violence, Gang Violence, Trafficking, and Police Corruption
Source:
The Advocates for Human Rights
Date of Document:
March 2018
Accessed Date:
13 September 2019
Title:
Parallel Report on El Salvador, submitted for consideration by the Pre-Sessional Working Group of the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (the “Committee”) for the 67th Session
Source:
Center for Reproductive Rights
Date of Document:
10 August 2020
Accessed Date:
6 November 2020
Title:
Women and Organized Crime in Latin America: Beyond Victims and Victimizers
Source:
Colombian Organized Crime Observatory
Date of Document:
April 2020
Author:
Arlene B. Tickner et al.
Accessed Date:
6 November 2020
Title:
Gender discrimination is plaguing El Salvador
Source:
Institute of Current World Affairs
Date of Document:
7 June 2021
Author:
Elizabeth Hawkins
Accessed Date:
8 November 2021
Title:
Underreported and Unpunished, Femicides in El Salvador Continue
Source:
North American Congress on Latin America
Date of Document:
5 March 2021
Author:
Kristina Zanzinger et al.
Accessed Date:
8 November 2021
Title:
Women in El Salvador's Gang War: Surviving the State of Exception
Source:
International Crisis Group
Date of Document:
4 August 2022
Accessed Date:
10 November 2022
Title:
El Salvador. 2022 Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor.
Source:
United States. Department of Labor.
Date of Document:
29 September 2023
Accessed Date:
29 November 2023
Title:
‘No Safe Place': Salvadorans, Guatemalans and Hondurans Seeking Asylum in Mexico Based on Their Sexual Orientation and/or Gender Identity
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
27 November 2017
Accessed Date:
26 November 2020
Title:
Uniformed Injustice: State Violence Against LGBT People in El Salvador
Source:
Georgetown Law. Human Rights Institute.
Date of Document:
21 April 2017
Author:
Ricardo Abend Van Dalen et al.
Editor:
Ricardo Abend Van Dalen et al.
Accessed Date:
29 November 2023
Title:
Human Rights Situation for Lesbian, Bisexual and Trans women in El Salvador
Source:
Espacio de Mujeres Lesbianas Salvadoreñas por la Diversidad
Date of Document:
9 February 2018
Accessed Date:
10 November 2022
Title:
“We Just Want to Live Our Lives”: El Salvador's Need for Legal Gender Recognition
Source:
Human Rights Watch; Comcavis Trans
Date of Document:
18 July 2022
Author:
Cristian González Cabrera
Accessed Date:
10 November 2022
Title:
“I'm Lucky to Still Be Alive” Violence and Discrimination Against LGBT People in El Salvador
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
January 2021
Accessed Date:
27 November 2023
Title:
Censoring Sexuality Education is Not a ‘New Idea'
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
11 October 2022
Author:
Cristian González Cabrera
Accessed Date:
27 November 2023
Title:
El Salvador Fails to Meet Deadline for Trans Rights Ruling
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
23 February 2023
Accessed Date:
27 November 2023
7.
Criminality and Corruption
Title:
El Salvador. Global Organized Crime Index 2023.
Source:
Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime
Accessed Date:
27 November 2023
Title:
El Salvador's Violence: No Easy Way Out
Additional Info.:
Document referenced in the Refugee Appeal Division Jurisprudential Guide TC1-05038 and published as 7.2 in the El Salvador National Documentation Package, dated 30 November 2020.
Source:
Center for International Policy; Latin America Working Group Education Fund
Date of Document:
August 2016
Author:
Sarah Kinosian et al.
Accessed Date:
6 September 2017
Title:
El Salvador: Tier 2. Trafficking in Persons Report 2023.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
June 2023
Accessed Date:
27 November 2023
Title:
Gangs in Central America
Source:
United States. Congressional Research Service.
Date of Document:
29 August 2016
Author:
Clare Ribando Seelke
Accessed Date:
23 November 2021
Title:
OSAC Country Security Report. El Salvador.
Source:
United States. Overseas Security Advisory Council.
Date of Document:
30 September 2022
Accessed Date:
14 November 2022
Title:
Crime and state efforts to combat crime; state protection for victims and witnesses, including requirements to access programs, statistics on granted and refused applications for protection, duration and effectiveness of these programs (2012-August 2015)
Additional Info.:
Document referenced in the Refugee Appeal Division Jurisprudential Guide TC1-05038 and published as 7.6 in the El Salvador National Documentation Package, dated 30 November 2020.
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
1 September 2015
Accessed Date:
22 September 2015
Title:
Law enforcement efforts against gangs, including anti-gang legislation and arrests since a state of emergency was declared in March 2022 (2019–November 2022)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
2 December 2022
Accessed Date:
27 November 2023
Title:
Why Has Gang Violence Spiked in El Salvador?
Source:
Council on Foreign Relations
Date of Document:
4 May 2022
Accessed Date:
14 November 2022
Title:
Gang Presence in San Salvador
Date of Document:
26 April 2019
Accessed Date:
11 September 2019
Title:
El Salvador Prisons and the Battle for the MS13's Soul
Date of Document:
16 February 2017
Author:
Steven Dudley; Juan José Martínez d'Aubuisson
Accessed Date:
29 November 2023
Title:
Disappeared persons and homicide in El Salvador
Author:
Carlos Carcach; Evelyn Artola
Accessed Date:
6 September 2017
Title:
The New Face of Street Gangs: The Gang Phenomenon in El Salvador
Additional Info.:
Document referenced in the Refugee Appeal Division Jurisprudential Guide TC1-05038 and published as 7.12 in the El Salvador National Documentation Package, dated 30 November 2020.
Source:
Florida International University. Kimberly Green Latin American and Caribbean Center; Jack D. Gordon Institute for Public Policy.
Author:
José Miguel Cruz et al.
Accessed Date:
6 September 2017
Title:
Issue Paper. El Salvador: Information Gathering Mission Report. Part 1: Gangs in El Salvador and the Situation of Witnesses of Crime and Corruption.
Additional Info.:
Document referenced in the Refugee Appeal Division Jurisprudential Guide TC1-05038 and published as 7.13 in the El Salvador National Documentation Package, dated 30 November 2020.
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
September 2016
Accessed Date:
30 September 2016
Title:
Issue Paper. El Salvador: Information Gathering Mission Report. Part 2: The Situation of Women Victims of Violence and of Sexual Minorities in El Salvador.
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
September 2016
Accessed Date:
30 September 2016
Title:
Home Sweet Home? Honduras, Guatemala and El Salvador's Role in a Deepening Refugee Crisis
Additional Info.:
Document referenced in the Refugee Appeal Division Jurisprudential Guide TC1-05038 and published as 7.15 in the El Salvador National Documentation Package, dated 30 November 2020.
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
14 October 2016
Accessed Date:
13 September 2019
Date of Document:
10 March 2020
Accessed Date:
6 November 2020
Date of Document:
7 April 2017
Accessed Date:
29 November 2023
Date of Document:
8 September 2021
Accessed Date:
27 November 2023
Date of Document:
22 September 2021
Accessed Date:
14 November 2022
Title:
Miracle or Mirage? Gangs and Plunging Violence in El Salvador. Latin America Report N°81.
Source:
International Crisis Group
Date of Document:
8 July 2020
Accessed Date:
6 November 2020
Title:
Country Policy and Information Note. El Salvador: Gangs. Version 4.0.
Source:
United Kingdom. Home Office.
Date of Document:
December 2022
Accessed Date:
27 November 2023
Title:
El Salvador Arrests Thousands but Gangs Keep Their Guns
Date of Document:
26 July 2022
Accessed Date:
14 November 2022
Title:
A Remedy for El Salvador's Prison Fever. Latin America Report N°96.
Source:
International Crisis Group
Date of Document:
5 October 2022
Accessed Date:
14 November 2022
Title:
COI Query Response. El Salvador: Crime levels, including homicides, disappearances, kidnapping and extortion; territorial presence and activities of MS-13 and Barrio 18 gangs; armed confrontations between gangs and with authorities; state response to gangs; state protection for victims (1 January 2019 – 9 March 2022).
Source:
European Union. European Union Agency for Asylum.
Date of Document:
10 March 2022
Accessed Date:
27 November 2023
Title:
Criminal Governance in El Salvador. Extortion as a Tool for Control.
Source:
Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime
Date of Document:
October 2021
Author:
Luis Enrique Amaya; Juan José Martínez d'Aubuisson
Accessed Date:
27 November 2023
Title:
El Salvador Escalates Gang Crackdown With New Measures
Date of Document:
4 August 2023
Accessed Date:
27 November 2023
Title:
El Salvador gangs: Mass arrests bring calm but at what price?
Date of Document:
18 May 2023
Accessed Date:
27 November 2023
Title:
El Salvador: 634 years in prison for Amadeo Yovany, alias 'Grillo,' leader of the Salvatrucha gang
Date of Document:
17 August 2023
Accessed Date:
27 November 2023
Title:
Portrait of a ‘Terrorist' in El Salvador
Date of Document:
23 October 2023
Accessed Date:
27 November 2023
Title:
El Salvador Police Reports Contradict Bukele's Triumphalism
Date of Document:
22 September 2023
Accessed Date:
27 November 2023
Title:
How El Salvador's Police Creates, Uses Its Gang Database
Date of Document:
22 September 2023
Accessed Date:
27 November 2023
8.
Military Service - (No items in this section)
9.
Judiciary, Legal and Penal Systems
Title:
Update: Guide to Legal Research in El Salvador
Date of Document:
April 2020
Accessed Date:
8 November 2021
Title:
El Salvador's Politics of Perpetual Violence. Latin America & Caribbean Report N°64.
Source:
International Crisis Group
Date of Document:
19 December 2017
Accessed Date:
6 September 2018
Title:
El Salvador's Justice System: Evaluating Capacity Building and Judicial Independence
Source:
Washington Office on Latin America
Date of Document:
August 2019
Accessed Date:
8 November 2021
Title:
El Salvador: Legislature Deepens Democratic Backsliding
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
1 November 2021
Accessed Date:
23 November 2021
Title:
El Salvador: Shelve ‘Foreign Agents' Bill
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
12 November 2021
Accessed Date:
23 November 2021
Title:
El Salvador: Sweeping New Laws Endanger Rights
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
8 April 2022
Accessed Date:
14 November 2022
Title:
Muzzled Justice: The Capture of El-Salvador's Justice System
Source:
Due Process of Law Foundation
Accessed Date:
27 November 2023
10.
Police and Security Forces
Title:
El Salvador. A Comparative Atlas of Defence in Latin America and Caribbean: 2016 Edition.
Source:
Latin American Security and Defence Network
Accessed Date:
7 September 2017
Title:
Police corruption and abuse; government measures to fight police corruption and abuse; police oversight mechanisms and their effectiveness; procedures for filing complaints against police officers
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
8 September 2015
Accessed Date:
23 September 2015
Title:
The organizational structure of the National Civil Police (Policia Nacional Civil, PNC)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
22 June 2012
Accessed Date:
17 October 2012
Title:
Kidnapping and abductions; steps required for kidnapping victims to denounce perpetrators and whether they must identify their kidnappers; information on the anti-kidnapping unit, including information on protection offered to police officers...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
22 June 2012
Accessed Date:
17 October 2012
Title:
Report of the Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions on her mission to El Salvador
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
7 December 2018
Accessed Date:
29 November 2023
Title:
Procedures for reporting a crime and obtaining a copy of a police report; whether a copy of a police report can be obtained by a person who is outside the country or by a third person
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
18 September 2015
Accessed Date:
28 September 2015
Title:
The National Civilian Police in El Salvador. Evaluating the Professionalization of the Civilian Police Force.
Source:
The University Institute for Public Opinion; The Washington Office on Latin America
Date of Document:
August 2020
Accessed Date:
27 November 2023
Title:
El Salvador: Incidences of violence by police or other state actors
Date of Document:
May 2023
Accessed Date:
27 November 2023
Title:
El Salvador. Annual Report of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights 2022. Volume II: Annual Report of the Office of the Special Rapporteur for Freedom of Expression.
Source:
Organization of American States. Inter-American Commission on Human Rights.
Date of Document:
6 March 2023
Accessed Date:
27 November 2023
Title:
Bukele's Legislative Victory Threatens Press Freedom in El Salvador
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
17 March 2021
Author:
José Miguel Vivanco
Accessed Date:
8 November 2021
Title:
El Salvador: Critics Blocked on Social Media
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
16 December 2021
Accessed Date:
14 November 2022
Title:
Disinformation Machine. Trolls, propaganda and fear stoke Bukele's media machine in El Salvador.
Date of Document:
29 November 2022
Accessed Date:
27 November 2023
Title:
El Salvador. International Religious Freedom Report for 2022.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
6 March 2023
Accessed Date:
27 November 2023
13.
Nationality, Ethnicity and Race - (No items in this section)
14.
Exit/Entry and Freedom of Movement
Title:
Documents required and procedures to follow when one parent travels abroad with a minor in the absence of, or without the consent of, the other parent
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
22 June 2010
Accessed Date:
17 October 2012
Title:
Report of the Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons on her visit to El Salvador
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
23 April 2018
Accessed Date:
6 September 2018
Title:
Circumstances under which victims of domestic violence and gang violence are granted protection; protection offered to claimants who do not meet Refugee Convention grounds, but instead claim a risk to their life or a risk of torture, or cruel and unusual treatment (2016-August 2018)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
18 October 2018
Accessed Date:
13 March 2019
Title:
Temporary Protected Status Designated Country: El Salvador
Source:
United States. Citizenship and Immigration Services.
Date of Document:
8 September 2023
Accessed Date:
29 November 2023
Title:
El Salvador : Retour au pays après un épisode migratoire. COI Focus.
Source:
Belgium. Office of the Commissioner General for Refugees and Stateless Persons.
Date of Document:
13 July 2021
Accessed Date:
8 November 2021
Title:
An Atomised Crisis: Reframing Displacement Caused by Crime and Violence in El Salvador
Additional Info.:
Document referenced in the Refugee Appeal Division Jurisprudential Guide TC1-05038 and published as 14.6 in the El Salvador National Documentation Package, dated 30 November 2020.
Source:
Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre; Refugee Law Initiative, University of London
Date of Document:
September 2018
Accessed Date:
13 September 2019
Title:
Removal proceedings pursuant to Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) Sec. 237(a)(1)(A) of an accepted refugee and permanent resident, due to a finding of misrepresenting a material fact in an asylum claim; whether a decision to find someone...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
23 January 2019
Accessed Date:
13 March 2019
15.
Labour, Employment and Unions
Title:
Report of the Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences, on her mission to El Salvador
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
3 August 2016
Accessed Date:
7 September 2017
Title:
El Salvador. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2019.
Additional Info.:
Document referenced in the Refugee Appeal Division Jurisprudential Guide TC1-05038 and published as 2.1 in the El Salvador National Documentation Package, dated 30 November 2020.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
11 March 2020
Accessed Date:
25 March 2020
Title:
El Salvador. World Report 2020: Events of 2019.
Additional Info.:
Document referenced in the Refugee Appeal Division Jurisprudential Guide TC1-05038 and published as 2.4 in the El Salvador National Documentation Package, dated 30 November 2020.
Source:
Human Rights watch
Date of Document:
January 2020
Accessed Date:
5 November 2020
Title:
Country Policy and Information Note. El Salvador: Gangs. Version 1.0.
Additional Info.:
Document referenced in the Refugee Appeal Division Jurisprudential Guide TC1-05038 and published as 7.21 in the El Salvador National Documentation Package, dated 30 November 2020.
Source:
United Kingdom. Home Office.
Date of Document:
February 2020
Accessed Date:
6 November 2020
Title:
BTI 2020 Country Report — El Salvador
Additional Info.:
Document referenced in the Refugee Appeal Division Jurisprudential Guide TC1-05038 and published as 1.7 in the El Salvador National Documentation Package, dated 30 November 2020.
Accessed Date:
5 November 2020
Title:
Life Under Gang Rule in El Salvador
Additional Info.:
Document referenced in the Refugee Appeal Division Jurisprudential Guide TC1-05038 and published as 7.8 in the El Salvador National Documentation Package, dated 30 November 2020.
Source:
International Crisis Group
Accessed Date:
13 September 2019
The following changes have been made to the previous package dated 30 November 2023:
Title:
El Salvador. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2022.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
20 March 2023
URL:
https://www.state.gov/reports/2022-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/el-salvador
Accessed Date:
2 August 2023
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