National Documentation Packages (NDPs) are lists of public documents that provide information about conditions in specific countries. Updates occur periodically based on publicly available information. Countries with high volumes of claims may be updated more frequently. In periods of rapid change and/or uncertainty, updates may be delayed to build a body of relevant information.
NDPs support the refugee determination process. They do not imply recognition of a particular territory's sovereignty or political status.
NDPs include Responses to Information Requests (RIRs) published by the IRB on its website. RIRs may have attachments that are not available online. To obtain a copy of any such attachment, please
email us.
Jurisprudential Guides Notes
Jurisprudential Guides Notes
On
July 28, 2022, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide:
-
Decision TC1 05038 – The proper interpretation of the ‘generalized risk’ exception to protection found at subparagraph 97(1)(b)(ii) of the Act, in claims for protection involving allegations of gang-targeting or other acts of criminality.
On
December 22, 2020, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide.
-
Decision MB8-00025 – This Jurisprudential Guide addresses, in applying Article 1E of the Refugee Convention, whether members should consider allegations of risk in a country of residence if they conclude that a refugee claimant has the rights and obligations which are attached to the possession of nationality in that country.
On
July 6, 2018, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide.
-
Decision TB7-19851 – Nigeria – This Jurisprudential Guide addresses internal flight alternatives in major cities in south and central Nigeria for claimants fleeing non-state actors.
Revoked
The country documentation referenced in each of these decisions has been included in s.16 of the updated National Documentation Packages published on July 10, 2018.
On
July 20, 2017, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being
Jurisprudential Guides.
-
Decision TB7-01837 – Pakistan – Whether the treatment experienced by Ahmadis in Pakistan amounts to persecution, whether state protection is available and whether there is a viable internal flight alternative.
-
Decision MB6-01059/60 – India – Availability of an internal flight alternative in India for claimants from Punjab.
Revoked
-
Decision TB6-11632 – China – Analysis of the efficacy of the Chinese national computer network known as the Golden Shield Project and its impact on whether a person wanted by the authorities can exit China via an airport using a genuine passport.
Revoked
The country documentation referenced in each of these decisions has been included in s.16 of the updated National Documentation Packages published on July 20, 2017.
Back
31 October 2025
MYANMAR (BURMA)
List of Documents
1.
General Information and Maps
Source:
United Nations. Geospatial Information Section.
Date of Document:
January 2016
Accessed Date:
27 October 2023
Title:
Présentation de la Birmanie.
Source:
France. Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères.
Date of Document:
7 April 2025
Accessed Date:
3 October 2025
Title:
Burma. The World Factbook.
Source:
United States. Central Intelligence Agency.
Date of Document:
1 October 2025
Accessed Date:
21 October 2025
Title:
Birmanie / Myanmar : Situation sécuritaire de janvier à mai 2025
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
24 June 2025
Accessed Date:
3 October 2025
Title:
DFAT Country Information Report: Myanmar
Source:
Australia. Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade.
Date of Document:
7 April 2025
Accessed Date:
3 October 2025
Title:
Country Policy and Information Note. Myanmar (Burma): Critics of the military regime. Version 5.0.
Source:
United Kingdom. Home Office.
Date of Document:
June 2023
Accessed Date:
13 October 2023
Title:
Myanmar. Social Security Around the World: Country Profiles.
Source:
International Social Security Association
Date of Document:
1 January 2024
Accessed Date:
21 October 2025
Title:
Part 1: Humanitarian Needs. Myanmar. Humanitarian Needs and Response Plan 2025.
Source:
United Nations. Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs.
Date of Document:
13 December 2024
Accessed Date:
14 October 2025
Title:
Myanmar. BTI 2024 Country Report.
Source:
Bertelsmann Stiftung
Date of Document:
March 2024
Accessed Date:
24 October 2024
Title:
Myanmar: Inhumane military attacks in earthquake areas hindering relief efforts
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
1 April 2025
Accessed Date:
3 October 2025
Title:
Four years after the 2021 coup in Myanmar, violence against civilians is still increasing
Source:
The Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project
Date of Document:
31 January 2025
Accessed Date:
3 October 2025
Title:
The Myanmar Regime's War on Children
Date of Document:
30 May 2025
Accessed Date:
3 October 2025
Title:
Myanmar: Violence Against Health Care in Conflict 2024
Source:
Insecurity Insight; Safeguarding Health in Conflict
Date of Document:
June 2025
Accessed Date:
3 October 2025
Title:
Myanmar's Troubled History: Coups, Military Rule, and Ethnic Conflict
Source:
Council on Foreign Relations
Date of Document:
31 January 2022
Accessed Date:
4 October 2022
Title:
How the UN Is Failing Myanmar
Source:
Special Advisory Council for Myanmar
Date of Document:
3 October 2023
Accessed Date:
3 October 2025
Title:
Myanmar. Three years post-coup: recent developments and humanitarian situation.
Date of Document:
20 February 2024
Accessed Date:
15 October 2024
Title:
Myanmar (Burma). Civic Freedom Monitor.
Source:
International Center for Not-for-Profit Law
Date of Document:
14 October 2025
Accessed Date:
15 October 2025
Title:
COI Brief Report. Myanmar: Security situation, return and military service.
Source:
Denmark. Danish Immigration Service.
Date of Document:
August 2024
Accessed Date:
24 October 2024
Title:
Myanmar (Birmanie) : Situation sécuritaire au sud de la région de Sagaing
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
3 October 2024
Accessed Date:
3 October 2025
Title:
Burma. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2024.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
12 August 2025
Accessed Date:
14 October 2025
Title:
Myanmar. The State of the World's Human Rights: April 2025.
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
April 2025
Accessed Date:
3 October 2025
Title:
Myanmar. World Report 2025: Events of 2024.
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
January 2025
Accessed Date:
3 October 2025
Title:
Myanmar. Freedom in the World 2025.
Accessed Date:
3 October 2025
Title:
Myanmar. The State of Conflict and Violence in Asia: Identity-Based Conflict and Extremism.
Source:
The Asia Foundation
Date of Document:
20 October 2021
Accessed Date:
27 October 2023
Title:
Resisting the Resistance: Myanmar's Pro-military Pyusawhti Militias. Asia Briefing N°171.
Source:
International Crisis Group
Date of Document:
6 April 2022
Accessed Date:
4 October 2022
Title:
Report of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Myanmar, Thomas H. Andrews
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
25 October 2024
Accessed Date:
3 October 2025
Title:
Myanmar: Year of Brutality in Coup's Wake
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
28 January 2022
Accessed Date:
4 October 2022
Title:
Conflict and Development in the Myanmar–China Border Region
Date of Document:
March 2022
Editor:
Indu Nandakumar; Tabea Campbell Paul
Accessed Date:
4 October 2022
Title:
Ethnic Autonomy and its Consequences in Post-coup Myanmar. Asia Briefing N°180.
Source:
International Crisis Group
Date of Document:
30 May 2024
Accessed Date:
15 October 2024
Title:
Situation of human rights in Myanmar
Source:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Date of Document:
16 June 2025
Accessed Date:
14 October 2025
Title:
Concluding observations on the initial report of Myanmar
Source:
United Nations. Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities.
Date of Document:
22 October 2019
Accessed Date:
1 October 2020
Title:
Myanmar Humanitarian Update No. 49
Source:
United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
Date of Document:
23 September 2025
Accessed Date:
14 October 2025
Title:
Situation of human rights of Rohingya Muslims and other minorities in Myanmar. Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights.
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
29 August 2025
Accessed Date:
14 October 2025
Title:
Progress made and remaining challenges with regard to the recommendations of the independent international fact-finding mission
Source:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Date of Document:
21 September 2022
Accessed Date:
16 October 2023
Title:
Resistance and the Cost of the Coup in Chin State, Myanmar
Source:
The Asia Foundation
Date of Document:
March 2023
Author:
Victor Biak Lian and al.
Accessed Date:
16 October 2023
Title:
National report submitted in accordance with paragraph 5 of the annex to Human Rights Council resolution 16/21: Myanmar
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/37/MMR/1
Date of Document:
2 November 2020
Accessed Date:
23 March 2021
Title:
Summary of Stakeholders' submissions on Myanmar
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/37/MMR/3
Source:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Date of Document:
12 November 2020
Accessed Date:
23 March 2021
Code:
A/HRC/WG.6/37/MMR/2
Source:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Date of Document:
12 November 2020
Accessed Date:
23 March 2021
Title:
Myanmar: Repression including torture and death of political prisoners continues as junta announces sham elections
Date of Document:
18 August 2025
Accessed Date:
14 October 2025
Title:
Myanmar: Civic space regresses further after three years of sustained junta repression
Date of Document:
1 February 2024
Accessed Date:
14 October 2025
Title:
Myanmar: Stop Recruitment, Use of Child Soldiers
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
20 June 2025
Accessed Date:
14 October 2025
Title:
Myanmar: 'Reckless' shipments of jet fuel continue as air strikes multiply
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
8 July 2024
Accessed Date:
15 October 2024
Title:
“Nowhere is Safe”: The Myanmar Junta's Crimes Against Humanity Following the Coup d'État
Date of Document:
24 March 2022
Accessed Date:
4 October 2022
Title:
Myanmar: Armies Target Ethnic Rohingya, Rakhine
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
12 August 2024
Accessed Date:
15 October 2024
Title:
Burma. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2023.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
22 April 2024
Accessed Date:
29 May 2024
3.
Identification Documents and Citizenship
Title:
Burma Citizenship Law
Accessed Date:
19 October 2012
Title:
Re-imagining Myanmar citizenship in times of transition. Statelessness Working Paper Series No. 2017/01.
Source:
Institute on Statelessness and Inclusion
Date of Document:
January 2017
Author:
José-María Arraiza
Accessed Date:
22 September 2017
Title:
A Gender Analysis of the Right to a Nationality in Myanmar
Source:
Norwegian Refugee Council et al.
Date of Document:
March 2018
Accessed Date:
5 October 2018
Title:
Burma. U.S. Visa: Reciprocity and Civil Documents by Country.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Accessed Date:
21 October 2025
Title:
Myanmar : Citoyenneté birmane et Rohingyas
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
20 February 2018
Accessed Date:
8 October 2019
Title:
Navigating with a Faulty Map: Access to Citizenship Documents and Citizenship in Myanmar
Source:
Institute on Statelessness and Inclusion
Date of Document:
October 2021
Accessed Date:
4 October 2022
4.
Political Activities and Organizations
Title:
Myanmar's Dangerous Drift: Conflict, Elections and Looming Regional Détente. Asia-Pacific Briefing N°184.
Source:
International Crisis Group
Date of Document:
18 July 2025
Accessed Date:
14 October 2025
Title:
Myanmar / Birmanie : L'Armée indépendantiste kachin (Kachin Independence Army, KIA) depuis le coup d'Etat de février 2021
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
22 December 2023
Accessed Date:
15 October 2024
Title:
Buddhism and State Power in Myanmar. Asia Report N°290.
Source:
International Crisis Group
Date of Document:
5 September 2017
Accessed Date:
5 October 2018
Title:
Myanmar / Birmanie : L'Armée de l'Arakan (Arakan Army, AA)
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
9 April 2021
Accessed Date:
5 October 2022
Title:
Myanmar: Political Parties Law Shackles Opposition
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
14 February 2023
Accessed Date:
16 October 2023
5.
Gender, Domestic Violence and Children
Title:
Courage amid crisis: gendered impacts of the coup and the pursuit of gender equality in Myanmar. Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Myanmar.
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council
Date of Document:
1 July 2024
Accessed Date:
15 October 2024
Title:
Myanmar: Tharyarwaddy Prison a Hub of Torture, Forced Labor, and Starvation
Source:
SOS-Torture Network
Date of Document:
14 April 2025
Accessed Date:
14 October 2025
Title:
In Myanmar's brutal war, the military is weaponising sexual violence against women, children and LGBTQI+ people
Date of Document:
22 August 2024
Accessed Date:
24 October 2024
Title:
Rapid Gender Analysis on Power and Participation: Women Lead in Emergencies. Northern Shan State, Myanmar.
Source:
CARE International
Date of Document:
30 November 2022
Accessed Date:
16 October 2023
Title:
Disability and women and girls in displacement: A factsheet on refugees and asylum-seekers in Myanmar
Source:
UN Women; United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
Date of Document:
16 May 2024
Accessed Date:
15 October 2024
Title:
Dangerous Journeys Through Myanmar: Insecurities and immobilities for Rohingya and Muslim Women in Post-coup Myanmar
Source:
Institute for Statelessness and Inclusion
Date of Document:
March 2022
Accessed Date:
15 October 2024
Title:
Unseen and Unheard: Violation of Women's Rights in Myanmar
Source:
International Commission of Jurists
Date of Document:
1 July 2024
Accessed Date:
15 October 2024
Title:
Breaking Gender and Age Barriers amid Myanmar's Spring Revolution. Asia Briefing N°174.
Source:
International Crisis Group
Date of Document:
16 February 2023
Accessed Date:
16 October 2023
Title:
Children and armed conflict in Myanmar: Report of the Secretary-General
Source:
United Nations. Security Council.
Date of Document:
12 March 2025
Accessed Date:
14 October 2025
Title:
Spaces of refuge as ‘extended battlefields': gendered impacts of Myanmar's civil war in the Rohingya camps in Bangladesh
Date of Document:
3 March 2025
Author:
Anas Ansar et al.
Accessed Date:
14 October 2025
Title:
LGBTQ Anti-Coup Resistance in Myanmar
Source:
Outright International
Date of Document:
September 2024
Editor:
Neela Ghoshal et al.
Accessed Date:
14 October 2025
Title:
Input to thematic report of the SR Torture to HRC49 (March 2022): “Impact of thematic reports presented by the Special Rapporteur on Torture”
Source:
ILGA-Asia; C.A.N-Myanmar
Date of Document:
31 August 2021
Accessed Date:
27 October 2023
Title:
Myanmar. Our Identities Under Arrest: A global overview on the enforcement of laws criminalizing consensual same-sex sexual acts between adults and diverse gender expressions.
Source:
International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association
Date of Document:
November 2023
Author:
Kellyn Botha et al.
Editor:
Lucas Ramón Mendos
Accessed Date:
15 October 2024
Title:
Country Policy and Information Note. Malaysia: Sexual orientation and gender identity or expression. Version 2.0.
Source:
United Kingdom. Home Office.
Date of Document:
July 2024
Accessed Date:
14 October 2025
7.
Criminality and Corruption
Title:
OSAC Country Security Report. Burma (Myanmar).
Source:
United States. Overseas Security Advisory Council.
Date of Document:
2 December 2024
Accessed Date:
14 October 2025
Title:
Burma: Tier 3. Trafficking in Persons Report 2025.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
29 September 2025
Accessed Date:
14 October 2025
Title:
Thematic Brief on Gender and Corruption in Myanmar
Source:
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime
Date of Document:
October 2020
Accessed Date:
5 October 2022
Title:
Bangladesh/Myanmar: The Dangers of a Rohingya Insurgency. Asia-Pacific Report N°348.
Source:
International Crisis Group
Date of Document:
18 June 2025
Accessed Date:
14 October 2025
Title:
Myanmar's Civil War: A Nation in Crisis
Date of Document:
7 February 2025
Accessed Date:
14 October 2025
Title:
Junta's Introduces Oppressive Conscription Law Amendments
Source:
Burma News International
Date of Document:
27 January 2025
Accessed Date:
14 October 2025
Title:
Birmanie / Myanmar : La conscription en 2024
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
9 September 2024
Accessed Date:
14 October 2025
9.
Judiciary, Legal and Penal Systems
Title:
(Un)Kind and (Too) Firm: Mapping Myanmar's Prisons and Labour Camps
Date of Document:
January 2024
Accessed Date:
16 October 2024
Title:
Prison Conditions in Burma and the Potential for Prison Reform
Source:
Assistance Association for Political Prisoners (Burma)
Date of Document:
September 2016
Author:
Ko Aung Khaing Min et al.
Editor:
Ko Aung Khaing Min et al.
Accessed Date:
22 September 2017
Title:
Update: The Legal System of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar
Date of Document:
October 2021
Author:
Su Wai Mon ; Ershadul Karim
Accessed Date:
5 October 2022
Title:
Political Prisoners Experience in Interrogation, Judiciary and Incarceration Since Burma's Illegitimate Military Coup
Source:
Assistance Association for Political Prisoners
Date of Document:
March 2022
Accessed Date:
5 October 2022
Title:
Myanmar: Post-Coup Legal Changes Erode Human Rights
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
2 March 2021
Accessed Date:
23 March 2021
Title:
“Our Numbers Are Dwindling”: Myanmar's Post-Coup Crackdown on Lawyers
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
8 June 2023
Accessed Date:
16 October 2023
10.
Police and Security Forces
Title:
Myanmar: Military should be investigated for war crimes in response to ‘Operation 1027'
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
21 December 2023
Accessed Date:
16 October 2024
Title:
Myanmar: Vast arsenal and notorious troops deployed during nationwide ‘killing spree' protest crackdown – new research
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
11 March 2021
Accessed Date:
23 March 2021
Title:
Myanmar: First executions in decades mark atrocious escalation in state repression
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
25 July 2022
Accessed Date:
5 October 2022
Title:
Myanmar: Stop Holding Family, Friends Hostage
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
14 June 2021
Accessed Date:
20 August 2021
Title:
Myanmar: Investigate Civilian Killings in Karenni State, Hold Perpetrators Accountable
Date of Document:
20 June 2024
Accessed Date:
15 October 2025
Title:
Myanmar: The Rohingya's Decade of Detention
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
15 June 2022
Accessed Date:
5 October 2022
Title:
Myanmar: A year after military takeover, no rule of law or judicial independence
Source:
International Commission of Jurists
Date of Document:
10 February 2022
Accessed Date:
5 October 2022
Title:
Report of the Independent Investigative Mechanism for Myanmar
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
14 July 2025
Accessed Date:
15 October 2025
Title:
Myanmar: Crackdown on Freedom of Expression with 24-hour Monitoring
Date of Document:
1 April 2024
Accessed Date:
16 October 2024
Title:
Myanmar. Freedom on the Net 2024.
Editor:
Amelia Larson et al.
Accessed Date:
24 October 2024
Title:
Dawn of Digital Dictatorship: Weaponizing the Law Against Online Speech in Southeast Asia
Date of Document:
March 2024
Accessed Date:
16 October 2024
Title:
Myanmar. World Press Freedom Index 2025.
Source:
Reporters Without Borders
Accessed Date:
15 October 2025
Title:
Myanmar Cybersecurity Law Takes Effect
Source:
Tilleke & Gibbins
Date of Document:
1 August 2025
Accessed Date:
15 October 2025
Title:
Myanmar's Digital Crackdown is Worsening: The World is Stepping Back
Source:
Tech Policy Press
Date of Document:
17 July 2025
Author:
Wai Phyo Mint; Faiz Naeem
Accessed Date:
15 October 2025
Title:
From Yangon to the Borderlands: Independent Media on Myanmar's Post-coup Front Line. Asia-Pacific.
Source:
International Crisis Group
Date of Document:
28 April 2025
Accessed Date:
21 October 2025
Title:
Three years in power, three years of ruthless repression: Myanmar junta steps up terror against journalists
Source:
Reporters Without Borders
Date of Document:
2 January 2024
Accessed Date:
16 October 2024
Title:
Burma. International Religious Freedom Report for 2023.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
26 June 2024
Accessed Date:
16 October 2024
Title:
Burma. United States Commission on International Religious Freedom. 2025 Annual Report.
Source:
United States. Commission on International Religious Freedom.
Date of Document:
25 March 2025
Accessed Date:
21 October 2025
Title:
Myanmar: “Caged without a roof”: Apartheid in Myanmar's Rakhine State
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
21 November 2017
Accessed Date:
5 October 2018
Title:
A Silent Sangha? Buddhist Monks in Post-coup Myanmar. Asia Report N°330.
Source:
International Crisis Group
Date of Document:
10 March 2023
Accessed Date:
15 October 2025
13.
Nationality, Ethnicity and Race
Title:
Myanmar/Burma. World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples.
Source:
Minority Rights Group International
Date of Document:
November 2020
Accessed Date:
23 March 2021
Title:
Myanmar. The Indigenous World 2025.
Source:
International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs
Date of Document:
April 2025
Editor:
Dwayne Mamo et al.
Accessed Date:
15 October 2025
Title:
Myanmar: Arakan Army Oppresses Rohingya Muslims
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
28 July 2025
Accessed Date:
15 October 2025
Title:
Country Policy and Information Note. Burma: Rohingya (including Rohingya in Bangladesh). Version 3.0.
Source:
United Kingdom. Home Office.
Date of Document:
June 2023
Accessed Date:
16 October 2023
Title:
Identity Crisis: Ethnicity and Conflict in Myanmar. Asia Report N°312.
Source:
International Crisis Group
Date of Document:
28 August 2020
Accessed Date:
23 March 2021
Title:
Myanmar: The social atrocity: Meta and the right to remedy for the Rohingya
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
29 September 2022
Accessed Date:
16 October 2023
Title:
Situation of human rights of Rohingya Muslims and other minorities in Myanmar. Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights.
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
18 June 2024
Accessed Date:
15 October 2025
14.
Exit/Entry and Freedom of Movement
Title:
UN Shared Rohingya Data Without Informed Consent
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
15 June 2021
Accessed Date:
20 August 2021
Title:
Guidance Note on the International Protection Needs of People Fleeing Myanmar
Source:
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
Date of Document:
May 2024
Accessed Date:
15 October 2025
Title:
Residents forced to flee the symbolic ‘town of peace'
Source:
Centre for Information Resilience
Date of Document:
17 August 2022
Accessed Date:
19 October 2022
15.
Labour, Employment and Unions - (No items in this section)
16.
Other - (No items in this section)
The following changes have been made to the previous package dated 31 October 2024:
Title:
Présentation de la Birmanie.
Source:
France. Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères.
Date of Document:
2 June 2023
URL:
https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/fr/dossiers-pays/birmanie/presentation-de-la-birmanie/
Accessed Date:
27 October 2023
Title:
Burma. The World Factbook.
Source:
United States. Central Intelligence Agency.
URL:
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/burma/
Accessed Date:
23 October 2024
Title:
DFAT Country Information Report: Myanmar
Source:
Australia. Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade.
Date of Document:
11 November 2022
URL:
https://www.dfat.gov.au/sites/default/files/country-information-report-myanmar.pdf
Accessed Date:
13 October 2023
Title:
Myanmar. Humanitarian Needs Overview 2024.
Source:
United Nations. Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs.
Date of Document:
9 June 2024
URL:
https://www.unocha.org/publications/report/myanmar/myanmar-humanitarian-needs-and-response-plan-2024-addendum
Accessed Date:
15 October 2024
Title:
Myanmar: Violence Against Health Care in Conflict 2023
Source:
Insecurity Insight; Safeguarding Health in Conflict
Date of Document:
February 2023
URL:
https://insecurityinsight.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/2023-SHCC-Myanmar.pdf
Accessed Date:
15 October 2024
Title:
Myanmar (Burma). Civic Freedom Monitor.
Source:
International Center for Not-for-Profit Law
Date of Document:
1 October 2024
URL:
https://www.icnl.org/resources/civic-freedom-monitor/myanmar
Accessed Date:
15 October 2024
Title:
Myanmar. The State of the World's Human Rights: April 2024.
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
23 April 2024
URL:
https://www.amnesty.org/en/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/POL1072002024ENGLISH.pdf
Accessed Date:
15 October 2024
Title:
Myanmar. World Report 2024: Events of 2023.
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
January 2024
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2024/country-chapters/myanmar
Accessed Date:
15 October 2024
Title:
Myanmar. Freedom in the World 2024.
URL:
https://freedomhouse.org/country/myanmar/freedom-world/2024
Accessed Date:
24 October 2024
Title:
Myanmar Humanitarian Update No. 39
Source:
United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
Date of Document:
1 July 2024
URL:
https://www.unocha.org/attachments/07f33712-a190-439d-b532-d75b047b2f91/OCHA%20Myanmar%20-%20Humanitarian%20Update%20No.%2039.pdf
Accessed Date:
15 October 2024
Title:
Burma. U.S. Visa: Reciprocity and Civil Documents by Country.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
URL:
https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/us-visas/Visa-Reciprocity-and-Civil-Documents-by-Country/Burma.html
Accessed Date:
23 October 2024
Title:
Children and armed conflict in Myanmar: Report of the Secretary-General
Source:
United Nations. Security Council.
Date of Document:
17 December 2020
URL:
https://undocs.org/en/S/2020/1243
Accessed Date:
23 March 2021
Title:
OSAC Country Security Report. Burma (Myanmar).
Source:
United States. Overseas Security Advisory Council.
Date of Document:
17 June 2022
URL:
https://www.osac.gov/Content/Report/56b8a705-62f3-4b5e-adb1-1ec1e8732473
Accessed Date:
5 October 2022
Title:
Burma: Tier 3. Trafficking in Persons Report 2024.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
24 June 2024
URL:
https://www.state.gov/reports/2024-trafficking-in-persons-report/burma/
Accessed Date:
16 October 2024
Title:
Myanmar. World Press Freedom Index 2024.
Source:
Reporters Without Borders
URL:
https://rsf.org/en/country/myanmar
Accessed Date:
16 October 2024
Title:
Burma. United States Commission on International Religious Freedom. 2024 Annual Report.
Source:
United States. Commission on International Religious Freedom.
Date of Document:
April 2024
URL:
https://www.uscirf.gov/sites/default/files/2024-05/Burma.pdf
Accessed Date:
16 October 2024
Title:
Myanmar. The Indigenous World 2024.
Source:
International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs
Date of Document:
April 2024
URL:
https://www.iwgia.org/en/myanmar.html
Accessed Date:
16 October 2024
Title:
Situation of human rights of Rohingya Muslims and other minorities in Myanmar. Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights.
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council
Date of Document:
22 May 2024
URL:
https://myanmar.un.org/sites/default/files/2024-06/A_HRC_56_23_AdvanceUneditedVersion%20%281%29.pdf
Accessed Date:
16 October 2024
Title:
Birmanie (Myanmar). L'aménagement linguistique dans le monde.
Source:
L'aménagement linguistique dans le monde
Date of Document:
22 December 2023
URL:
http://www.axl.cefan.ulaval.ca/asie/birmanie.htm
Accessed Date:
15 October 2024
Title:
Burma (Myanmar). Social Security Programs Throughout the World: Asia and the Pacific, 2018.
Source:
United States. Social Security Administration.
Date of Document:
March 2019
URL:
https://www.ssa.gov/policy/docs/progdesc/ssptw/2018-2019/asia/burma.html
Accessed Date:
1 October 2020
Title:
Detailed findings of the Independent International Fact-Finding Mission on Myanmar
Source:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Date of Document:
16 September 2019
URL:
https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/HRBodies/HRCouncil/FFM-Myanmar/20190916/A_HRC_42_CRP.5.pdf
Accessed Date:
23 March 2021
Title:
Momentum for Operation 1027 Threatens Military Rule
Source:
The Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project
Date of Document:
1 February 2024
Author:
Christian Jaffe; Christina De Paris
URL:
https://acleddata.com/2024/02/01/myanmar-momentum-from-operation-1027-threatens-military-rule/
Accessed Date:
15 October 2024
Title:
Schools caught in the crossfire: Documenting damage to Myanmar's education system since the coup
Date of Document:
10 July 2024
URL:
https://www.myanmarwitness.org/_files/ugd/186c16_e65774fac6b2402b8e60e2e6fa9420cf.pdf
Accessed Date:
15 October 2024
Title:
Counting Myanmar's Dead: Reported Civilian Casualties since the 2021 Military Coup
Source:
Peace Research Institute Oslo
Date of Document:
13 June 2023
Author:
Min Zaw Oo; Stein Tønnesson
URL:
https://cdn.cloud.prio.org/files/c675c059-ec75-4abf-8fbb-ab13067bfeaf/Counting-Myanmars-Dead-PRIO-Paper-2023.pdf?inline=true
Accessed Date:
13 October 2023
Title:
Myanmar: Hundreds Forcibly Disappeared
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
2 April 2021
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/news/2021/04/02/myanmar-hundreds-forcibly-disappeared
Accessed Date:
20 August 2021
Title:
Report of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Myanmar
Source:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Date of Document:
13 June 2022
URL:
https://www.undocs.org/en/A/HRC/49/76
Accessed Date:
27 October 2023
Title:
Report of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Myanmar, Thomas H. Andrews
Source:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Date of Document:
9 March 2023
URL:
https://www.ohchr.org/en/documents/country-reports/ahrc5266-situation-human-rights-myanmar-report-special-rapporteur
Accessed Date:
16 October 2023
Title:
Situation of human rights in Myanmar
Source:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Date of Document:
19 September 2023
URL:
https://reliefweb.int/attachments/e1b69e3a-9044-4ac3-b17c-25a42f270097/a-hrc-54-59-auv.pdf
Accessed Date:
16 October 2023
Title:
Situation of human rights of Rohingya Muslims and other minorities in Myanmar - Report of the Secretary-General
Source:
United Nations. General Assembly.
Date of Document:
2 August 2024
URL:
http://undocs.org/en/A/78/278
Accessed Date:
16 October 2023
Title:
Situation of human rights in Myanmar since 1 February 2021
Source:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Date of Document:
15 November 2023
URL:
https://undocs.org/en/A/HRC/53/52
Accessed Date:
15 October 2024
Title:
Rebuilding an Architecture of Oppression: The impact of the military coup on freedom of expression and civic space in Myanmar
Date of Document:
December 2021
URL:
https://www.article19.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Rebuilding-an-Architecture-of-Oppression.pdf
Accessed Date:
5 October 2022
Title:
Myanmar: Military Forcibly Recruiting Rohingya
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
9 April 2024
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/news/2024/04/10/myanmar-military-forcibly-recruiting-rohingya
Accessed Date:
15 October 2024
Title:
Myanmar's Coup Shakes Up Its Ethnic Conflicts. Asia Report N°319.
Source:
International Crisis Group
Date of Document:
12 January 2022
URL:
https://www.crisisgroup.org/asia/south-east-asia/myanmar/319-myanmars-coup-shakes-its-ethnic-conflicts
Accessed Date:
4 October 2022
Title:
Myanmar: Political Prisoners Tortured and Killed With Impunity While Journalists and Social Media Activist Remain at Risk
Date of Document:
20 April 2024
URL:
https://monitor.civicus.org/explore/myanmar-political-prisoners-tortured-and-killed-with-impunity-while-journalists-and-social-media-activists-remain-at-risk/
Accessed Date:
15 October 2024
Title:
Myanmar: Coup Leads to Crimes Against Humanity
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
31 July 2021
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/news/2021/07/31/myanmar-coup-leads-crimes-against-humanity
Accessed Date:
4 October 2022
Title:
Citizenship and Human Rights in Myanmar: Why Law Reform is Urgent and Possible: A Legal Briefing
Source:
International Commission of Jurists
Date of Document:
June 2019
URL:
https://www.icj.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Myanmar-Citizenship-law-reform-Advocacy-Analysis-Brief-2019-ENG.pdf
Accessed Date:
1 October 2020
Title:
A Road to Nowhere: The Myanmar Regime's Stage-managed Elections. Asia Report N°175.
Source:
International Crisis Group
Date of Document:
28 March 2023
URL:
https://www.crisisgroup.org/asia/south-east-asia/myanmar/b175-road-nowhere-myanmar-regimes-stage-managed-elections
Accessed Date:
16 October 2023
Title:
Myanmar's 'Triple Crisis': Impact on the Pro-Democracy Movement
Source:
Middle East Institute
Date of Document:
12 October 2021
URL:
https://www.mei.edu/publications/myanmars-triple-crisis-impact-pro-democracy-movement
Accessed Date:
4 October 2022
Title:
Burma Coup Watch: Urgent Action Required To Prevent Destabilizing Violence
Date of Document:
1 March 2021
URL:
https://www.fidh.org/IMG/pdf/burma_coup_watch_1_mar.pdf
Accessed Date:
23 March 2021
Title:
Responding to the Myanmar Coup. Asia Briefing N°166.
Source:
International Crisis Group
Date of Document:
16 February 2021
URL:
https://www.crisisgroup.org/asia/south-east-asia/myanmar/b166-responding-myanmar-coup
Accessed Date:
23 March 2021
Title:
Concluding observations on the report of Myanmar submitted under the exceptional reporting procedure
Code:
CEDAW/C/MMR/CO/EP/1
Source:
United Nations. Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women.
Date of Document:
18 March 2019
URL:
https://undocs.org/en/CEDAW/C/MMR/CO/EP/1
Accessed Date:
1 October 2020
Title:
Regressing Gender Equality in Myanmar: Women living under the pandemic and military rule
Source:
UN Women; United Nations Development Programme
Date of Document:
March 2022
URL:
https://asiapacific.unwomen.org/sites/default/files/2022-03/mn-Myanmar-Women%20Report-NEW-06032022.pdf
Accessed Date:
5 October 2022
Title:
Sexual and gender-based violence in Myanmar and the gendered impact of its ethnic conflicts
Source:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Date of Document:
22 August 2019
URL:
https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/HRBodies/HRCouncil/FFM-Myanmar/sexualviolence/A_HRC_CRP_4.pdf
Accessed Date:
23 March 2021
Title:
Myanmar: SIGI Country Profile
Source:
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
Date of Document:
19 March 2024
URL:
https://webfs.oecd.org/devsigi/SIGI%202023%20Country%20Profiles/country_profile_MMR_Myanmar.pdf
Accessed Date:
14 October 2025
Title:
The Situation for Women in Myanmar
Source:
Norwegian Permanent Mission to the United Nations in New York.
Date of Document:
12 May 2021
Author:
May Sabe Phyu; Nang Moet Moet
URL:
https://www.norway.no/en/missions/un/news/123/the-situation-for-women-in-myanmar/
Accessed Date:
20 August 2021
Title:
Rights of Women Violated in Myanmar Prisons
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
8 June 2021
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/news/2021/06/08/rights-women-violated-myanmar-prisons
Accessed Date:
20 August 2021
Title:
“Losing a generation: how the military junta is devastating Myanmar's children and undermining Myanmar's future” : Conference room paper of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Myanmar
Source:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Date of Document:
14 June 2022
URL:
https://www.ohchr.org/en/documents/thematic-reports/ahrc50crp1-conference-room-paper-special-rapporteur-losing-generation
Accessed Date:
5 October 2022
Title:
Violence Against Rohingya Women
Source:
The Borgen Project
Date of Document:
15 September 2021
URL:
https://borgenproject.org/violence-against-rohingya-women/
Accessed Date:
5 October 2022
Title:
Myanmar. State-Sponsored Homophobia 2019.
Source:
International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association
Date of Document:
March 2019
Author:
Lucas Ramón Mendos
URL:
https://ilga.org/downloads/ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2019_light.pdf
Accessed Date:
8 October 2019
Title:
In the shadows: Systemic injustice based on sexual orientation and gender identity /expression in Myanmar
Source:
Denmark. Danish Immigration Service.
Date of Document:
November 2019
URL:
https://www.icj.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Myanmar-In-The-Shadows-Advocacy-Report-2019-ENG.pdf
Accessed Date:
5 October 2022
Title:
Treading a Rocky Path: The Ta'ang Army Expand in Myanmar's Shan State. Asia Briefing N°177.
Source:
International Crisis Group
Date of Document:
4 September 2023
URL:
https://www.crisisgroup.org/asia/south-east-asia/myanmar/b177-treading-rocky-path-taang-army-expands-myanmars-shan-state
Accessed Date:
16 October 2023
Title:
'No one can protect us': War Crimes and Abuses in Myanmar's Rakhine State
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
29 May 2019
URL:
https://www.amnesty.org/en/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/ASA1604172019ENGLISH.pdf
Accessed Date:
8 October 2019
Title:
Ongoing War Crimes in Karenni (Kayah) State, Myanmar: May 2021 to January 2022
Date of Document:
15 February 2022
URL:
https://www.fortifyrights.org/downloads/Ongoing%20War%20Crimes%20in%20Karenni%20%28Kayah%29%20State%2C%20Myanmar%20-%20Fortify%20Rights%20Flash%20Report%20-%20EN.pdf
Accessed Date:
5 October 2022
Title:
Myanmar: Detainees tortured to crush opposition to coup
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
2 August 2022
URL:
https://www.amnesty.ca/news/uncategorized/myanmar-detainees-tortured-to-crush-opposition-to-coup/
Accessed Date:
5 October 2022
Title:
Figures for past year's persecution of journalism in Myanmar
Source:
Reporters Without Borders
Date of Document:
4 February 2022
URL:
https://rsf.org/en/figures-past-year-s-persecution-journalism-myanmar
Accessed Date:
5 October 2022
Title:
Myanmar: Resist the digital coup
Date of Document:
8 February 2022
URL:
https://www.article19.org/resources/myanmar-resist-digital-coup/
Accessed Date:
5 October 2022
Title:
Anti-journalist terror has grown in every way in two years of military rule in Myanmar
Source:
Reporters Without Borders
Date of Document:
30 January 2023
URL:
https://rsf.org/en/anti-journalist-terror-has-grown-every-way-two-years-military-rule-myanmar
Accessed Date:
16 October 2023
Title:
Violations of the right to freedom of religion and belief since the coup d'état in Myanmar: A briefing paper
Source:
International Commission of Jurists
Date of Document:
October 2022
URL:
https://icj2.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/LPP_LZ_25_OCT_2022_Media_Report_2021_Feb_to_2022_May_1667203428.pdf
Accessed Date:
16 October 2023
Title:
'We Will Destroy Everything': Military Responsibility for Crimes Against Humanity in Rakhine State
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
27 June 2018
URL:
https://www.amnesty.org/en/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/ASA1686302018ENGLISH.pdf
Accessed Date:
25 October 2018
Source:
United States Commission on International Religious Freedom
Date of Document:
December 2022
URL:
https://www.uscirf.gov/sites/default/files/2022-12/2022%20Burma%20Policy%20Update_0.pdf
Accessed Date:
16 October 2023
Title:
Myanmar : Le confinement des musulmans rohingyas et kaman dans le district de Sittwe, capitale de l'Etat de Rakhine
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
2 March 2018
URL:
https://ofpra.gouv.fr/libraries/pdf.js/web/viewer.html?file=/sites/default/files/ofpra_flora/1802_mmr_rohingyas_sittwe.pdf
Accessed Date:
8 October 2019
Title:
Beyond the Coup in Myanmar: The Views of Rohingya Refugees in Bangladesh
Date of Document:
10 June 2021
Author:
Jessica Olney; Shabbir Ahmad
URL:
https://www.justsecurity.org/76857/beyond-the-coup-in-myanmar-the-views-of-rohingya-refugees-in-bangladesh/
Accessed Date:
20 August 2021
Title:
Myanmar: No Justice, No Freedom for Rohingya 5 Years On
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
24 August 2022
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/news/2022/08/24/myanmar-no-justice-no-freedom-rohingya-5-years
Accessed Date:
5 October 2022
Title:
Myanmar. Where Refugees Call Home.
Source:
The Border Consortium
URL:
https://www.theborderconsortium.org/media/Where_Refugee_Call_Home_2019_Final.pdf
Accessed Date:
1 October 2020
Title:
Five Years On, Rohingya Refugees Face Dire Conditions and a Long Road Ahead
Source:
International Crisis Group
Date of Document:
22 August 2022
URL:
https://www.crisisgroup.org/asia/south-east-asia/myanmar/five-years-rohingya-refugees-face-dire-conditions-and-long-road-ahead
Accessed Date:
5 October 2022
Title:
Spotlight – Myanmar: Disaster displacement, the other side of the crisis
Source:
Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre
URL:
https://www.internal-displacement.org/sites/default/files/publications/documents/IDMC_GRID_2022_LR.pdf#page=35
Accessed Date:
5 October 2022
Title:
Resisting the Resistance: Myanmar's Pro-military Pyusawhti Militias. Asia Briefing N°171.
Source:
International Crisis Group
Date of Document:
6 April 2022
URL:
https://www.crisisgroup.org/asia/south-east-asia/myanmar/b171-resisting-resistance-myanmars-pro-military-pyusawhti-militias
Accessed Date:
4 October 2022
Title:
Ethnic Autonomy and its Consequences in Post-coup Myanmar. Asia Briefing N°180.
Source:
International Crisis Group
Date of Document:
30 May 2024
URL:
https://www.crisisgroup.org/asia/south-east-asia/myanmar/b180-ethnic-autonomy-and-its-consequences-post-coup-myanmar
Accessed Date:
15 October 2024
Title:
Myanmar: Armies Target Ethnic Rohingya, Rakhine
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
12 August 2024
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/news/2024/08/12/myanmar-armies-target-ethnic-rohingya-rakhine
Accessed Date:
15 October 2024
Title:
Burma. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2023.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
22 April 2024
URL:
https://www.state.gov/reports/2023-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/burma-draft/
Accessed Date:
29 May 2024
Title:
Navigating with a Faulty Map: Access to Citizenship Documents and Citizenship in Myanmar
Source:
Institute on Statelessness and Inclusion
Date of Document:
October 2021
URL:
https://www.institutesi.org/resources/download-the-report
Accessed Date:
4 October 2022
Title:
Myanmar: Political Parties Law Shackles Opposition
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
14 February 2023
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/news/2023/02/14/myanmar-political-parties-law-shackles-opposition
Accessed Date:
16 October 2023
Title:
In Myanmar's brutal war, the military is weaponising sexual violence against women, children and LGBTQI+ people
Date of Document:
22 August 2024
URL:
https://theconversation.com/in-myanmars-brutal-war-the-military-is-weaponising-sexual-violence-against-women-children-and-lgbtqi-people-229916
Accessed Date:
24 October 2024
Title:
Breaking Gender and Age Barriers amid Myanmar's Spring Revolution. Asia Briefing N°174.
Source:
International Crisis Group
Date of Document:
16 February 2023
URL:
https://www.crisisgroup.org/asia/south-east-asia/myanmar/b174-breaking-gender-and-age-barriers-amid-myanmars-spring-revolution
Accessed Date:
16 October 2023
Title:
Political Prisoners Experience in Interrogation, Judiciary and Incarceration Since Burma's Illegitimate Military Coup
Source:
Assistance Association for Political Prisoners
Date of Document:
March 2022
URL:
https://aappb.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Prison-Situational-Report_AAPP-English_23-Mar-2022.pdf
Accessed Date:
5 October 2022
Title:
UN Shared Rohingya Data Without Informed Consent
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
15 June 2021
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/news/2021/06/15/un-shared-rohingya-data-without-informed-consent
Accessed Date:
20 August 2021
Title:
Birmanie / Myanmar : Situation sécuritaire de janvier à mai 2025
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
24 June 2025
URL:
https://www.ofpra.gouv.fr/libraries/pdf.js/web/viewer.html?file=/sites/default/files/ofpra_flora/2506_mmr_situation_securitaire_165928_web.pdf
Accessed Date:
3 October 2025
Title:
Myanmar. Social Security Around the World: Country Profiles.
Source:
International Social Security Association
Date of Document:
1 January 2024
URL:
https://www.issa.int/node/195543?country=927
Accessed Date:
21 October 2025
Title:
Myanmar: Inhumane military attacks in earthquake areas hindering relief efforts
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
1 April 2025
URL:
https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2025/04/myanmar-inhumane-military-attacks-in-earthquake-areas-hindering-relief-efforts/
Accessed Date:
3 October 2025
Title:
Four years after the 2021 coup in Myanmar, violence against civilians is still increasing
Source:
The Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project
Date of Document:
31 January 2025
URL:
https://acleddata.com/report/four-years-after-2021-coup-myanmar-violence-against-civilians-still-increasing
Accessed Date:
3 October 2025
Title:
The Myanmar Regime's War on Children
Date of Document:
30 May 2025
URL:
https://www.fortifyrights.org/mya-inv-oped-2025-05-30/
Accessed Date:
3 October 2025
Title:
How the UN Is Failing Myanmar
Source:
Special Advisory Council for Myanmar
Date of Document:
3 October 2023
URL:
https://specialadvisorycouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/SAC-M-Full-Paper-UN-Myanmar-ENGLISH.pdf
Accessed Date:
3 October 2025
Title:
Myanmar (Birmanie) : Situation sécuritaire au sud de la région de Sagaing
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
3 October 2024
URL:
https://www.ofpra.gouv.fr/libraries/pdf.js/web/viewer.html?file=/sites/default/files/ofpra_flora/2410_mmr_situation_sagaing_163662_web.pdf
Accessed Date:
3 October 2025
Title:
Burma. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2024.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
12 August 2025
URL:
https://www.state.gov/reports/2024-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/burma
Accessed Date:
14 October 2025
Title:
Report of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Myanmar, Thomas H. Andrews
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
25 October 2024
URL:
https://docs.un.org/en/A/79/550
Accessed Date:
3 October 2025
Title:
Situation of human rights in Myanmar
Source:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Date of Document:
16 June 2025
URL:
https://docs.un.org/en/A/HRC/59/57
Accessed Date:
14 October 2025
Title:
Situation of human rights of Rohingya Muslims and other minorities in Myanmar. Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights.
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
29 August 2025
URL:
https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/documents/hrbodies/hrcouncil/sessions-regular/session60/advance-version/a-hrc-60-20-aev.pdf
Accessed Date:
14 October 2025
Title:
Myanmar: Repression including torture and death of political prisoners continues as junta announces sham elections
Date of Document:
18 August 2025
URL:
https://monitor.civicus.org/explore/myanmar-repression-including-torture-and-death-of-political-prisoners-continues-as-junta-announces-sham-elections/
Accessed Date:
14 October 2025
Title:
Myanmar: Civic space regresses further after three years of sustained junta repression
Date of Document:
1 February 2024
URL:
https://www.civicus.org/index.php/media-resources/reports-publications/6818-myanmar-civic-space-regresses-further-after-three-years-of-sustained-junta-repression
Accessed Date:
14 October 2025
Title:
Myanmar: Stop Recruitment, Use of Child Soldiers
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
20 June 2025
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/news/2025/06/20/myanmar-stop-recruitment-use-of-child-soldiers
Accessed Date:
14 October 2025
Title:
Myanmar's Dangerous Drift: Conflict, Elections and Looming Regional Détente. Asia-Pacific Briefing N°184.
Source:
International Crisis Group
Date of Document:
18 July 2025
URL:
https://www.crisisgroup.org/asia/south-east-asia/myanmar/b184-myanmars-dangerous-drift-conflict-elections-and-looming-regional-detente
Accessed Date:
14 October 2025
Title:
Myanmar: Tharyarwaddy Prison a Hub of Torture, Forced Labor, and Starvation
Source:
SOS-Torture Network
Date of Document:
14 April 2025
URL:
https://www.omct.org/en/resources/statements/myanmar-tharyarwaddy-prison-a-hub-of-torture-forced-labor-and-starvation
Accessed Date:
14 October 2025
Title:
Spaces of refuge as ‘extended battlefields': gendered impacts of Myanmar's civil war in the Rohingya camps in Bangladesh
Date of Document:
3 March 2025
Author:
Anas Ansar et al.
URL:
https://www.xcept-research.org/spaces-of-refuge-as-extended-battlefields-gendered-impacts-of-myanmars-civil-war-in-the-rohingya-camps-in-bangladesh/
Accessed Date:
14 October 2025
Title:
LGBTQ Anti-Coup Resistance in Myanmar
Source:
Outright International
Date of Document:
September 2024
Editor:
Neela Ghoshal et al.
URL:
https://outrightinternational.org/sites/default/files/2024-09/Outright_Myanmar_Report_SEPT2024_v2.pdf
Accessed Date:
14 October 2025
Title:
Country Policy and Information Note. Malaysia: Sexual orientation and gender identity or expression. Version 2.0.
Source:
United Kingdom. Home Office.
Date of Document:
July 2024
URL:
https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/malaysia-country-policy-and-information-notes/country-policy-and-information-note-sexual-orientation-and-gender-identity-or-expression-malaysia-june-2020-accessible
Accessed Date:
14 October 2025
Title:
Bangladesh/Myanmar: The Dangers of a Rohingya Insurgency. Asia-Pacific Report N°348.
Source:
International Crisis Group
Date of Document:
18 June 2025
URL:
https://www.crisisgroup.org/asia/south-east-asia/myanmar-bangladesh/348-bangladeshmyanmar-dangers-rohingya-insurgency
Accessed Date:
14 October 2025
Title:
Myanmar's Civil War: A Nation in Crisis
Date of Document:
7 February 2025
URL:
https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&ved=2ahUKEwiXyda3ts-PAxUcg4kEHchNDFYQFnoECBcQAQ&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.genocidewatch.com%2Fsingle-post%2Fmyanmar-s-civil-war-a-nation-in-crisis&usg=AOvVaw1VIEzhq6d7iDsqHihIdvPa&opi=89978449
Accessed Date:
14 October 2025
Title:
Junta's Introduces Oppressive Conscription Law Amendments
Source:
Burma News International
Date of Document:
27 January 2025
URL:
https://www.bnionline.net/en/news/juntas-introduces-oppressive-conscription-law-amendments
Accessed Date:
14 October 2025
Title:
Birmanie / Myanmar : La conscription en 2024
Source:
France. Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides.
Date of Document:
9 September 2024
URL:
https://www.ofpra.gouv.fr/libraries/pdf.js/web/viewer.html?file=/sites/default/files/ofpra_flora/2409_mmr_service_militaire_163381_web.pdf
Accessed Date:
14 October 2025
Title:
Myanmar: Investigate Civilian Killings in Karenni State, Hold Perpetrators Accountable
Date of Document:
20 June 2024
URL:
https://www.fortifyrights.org/mya-inv-2024-06-20/
Accessed Date:
15 October 2025
Title:
Report of the Independent Investigative Mechanism for Myanmar
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
14 July 2025
URL:
https://undocs.org/en/A/HRC/60/18
Accessed Date:
15 October 2025
Title:
Myanmar Cybersecurity Law Takes Effect
Source:
Tilleke & Gibbins
Date of Document:
1 August 2025
URL:
https://www.tilleke.com/insights/myanmar-cybersecurity-law-takes-effect/
Accessed Date:
15 October 2025
Title:
Myanmar's Digital Crackdown is Worsening: The World is Stepping Back
Source:
Tech Policy Press
Date of Document:
17 July 2025
Author:
Wai Phyo Mint; Faiz Naeem
URL:
https://www.techpolicy.press/myanmars-digital-crackdown-is-worsening-the-world-is-stepping-back/
Accessed Date:
15 October 2025
Title:
From Yangon to the Borderlands: Independent Media on Myanmar's Post-coup Front Line. Asia-Pacific.
Source:
International Crisis Group
Date of Document:
28 April 2025
URL:
https://www.crisisgroup.org/asia/south-east-asia/myanmar/yangon-borderlands-independent-media-myanmars-post-coup-front-line
Accessed Date:
21 October 2025
Title:
A Silent Sangha? Buddhist Monks in Post-coup Myanmar. Asia Report N°330.
Source:
International Crisis Group
Date of Document:
10 March 2023
URL:
https://www.crisisgroup.org/sites/default/files/2023-03/330-myanmar-a-silent-sangha.docx.pdf
Accessed Date:
15 October 2025
Title:
Myanmar: Arakan Army Oppresses Rohingya Muslims
Source:
Human Rights Watch
Date of Document:
28 July 2025
URL:
https://www.hrw.org/news/2025/07/28/myanmar-arakan-army-oppresses-rohingya-muslims
Accessed Date:
15 October 2025
Title:
Guidance Note on the International Protection Needs of People Fleeing Myanmar
Source:
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
Date of Document:
May 2024
URL:
https://www.refworld.org/policy/countrypos/unhcr/2024/en/147974
Accessed Date:
15 October 2025
Disclaimer
National Documentation Packages (NDPs) include country-of-origin information that is publicly accessible at the time of publication and available within time constraints. While the Research Directorate strives to maintain the
NDP with current information, the research is not exhaustive and country conditions can change rapidly. Members of the public are invited to
suggest documents they feel are relevant to the
NDP.
NDPs are not, and do not purport to be, conclusive as to the merit of any particular claim for refugee protection. Rather, they are intended to support the refugee determination process. The assessment and weight to be given to the information in the
NDPs are the responsibility of independent
IRB members (decision-makers) after considering the evidence and arguments presented by the parties.
All sources are fully cited, including a hyperlink, to facilitate the location of the information. The
IRB will attempt to ensure that these links are maintained for the most recent
NDP. It cannot guarantee or be responsible for:
- the functionality of links to external sources,
- the content accessed by these links,
- the availability of external content in both English and French,
- any other part of a third party website.
The information presented in
NDPs solely reflects the views and perspectives of the sources cited and does not necessarily reflect the position of the
IRB or the Government of Canada.