National Documentation Packages (NDPs) are lists of public documents that provide information on country conditions. Updates occur on a regular basis. NDPs are updated cyclically based on publicly available information. In periods of rapid change and/or uncertainty, updates may be delayed to allow sufficient time to build a body of relevant information.
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Jurisprudential Guides Notes
Jurisprudential Guides Notes
On
July 28, 2022, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide:
-
Decision TC1 05038 – The proper interpretation of the ‘generalized risk’ exception to protection found at subparagraph 97(1)(b)(ii) of the Act, in claims for protection involving allegations of gang-targeting or other acts of criminality.
On
December 22, 2020, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide.
-
Decision MB8-00025 – This Jurisprudential Guide addresses, in applying Article 1E of the Refugee Convention, whether members should consider allegations of risk in a country of residence if they conclude that a refugee claimant has the rights and obligations which are attached to the possession of nationality in that country.
On
July 6, 2018, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being a
Jurisprudential Guide.
-
Decision TB7-19851 – Nigeria – This Jurisprudential Guide addresses internal flight alternatives in major cities in south and central Nigeria for claimants fleeing non-state actors.
Revoked
The country documentation referenced in each of these decisions has been included in s.16 of the updated National Documentation Packages published on July 10, 2018.
On
July 20, 2017, the Chairperson identified the following Refugee Appeal Division decision as being
Jurisprudential Guides.
-
Decision TB7-01837 – Pakistan – Whether the treatment experienced by Ahmadis in Pakistan amounts to persecution, whether state protection is available and whether there is a viable internal flight alternative.
-
Decision MB6-01059/60 – India – Availability of an internal flight alternative in India for claimants from Punjab.
Revoked
-
Decision TB6-11632 – China – Analysis of the efficacy of the Chinese national computer network known as the Golden Shield Project and its impact on whether a person wanted by the authorities can exit China via an airport using a genuine passport.
Revoked
The country documentation referenced in each of these decisions has been included in s.16 of the updated National Documentation Packages published on July 20, 2017.
Back
29 March 2019
EL SALVADOR
List of Documents
1.
General Information and Maps
Source:
United Nations. Cartographic Section.
Date of Document:
May 2004
Accessed Date:
17 October 2012
Title:
Honduras - Salvador. L'Encyclopédie en ligne.
Accessed Date:
17 October 2012
Title:
El Salvador. The World Factbook.
Source:
United States. Central Intelligence Agency.
Date of Document:
19 September 2018
Accessed Date:
21 September 2018
Title:
El Salvador. Social Security Programs Throughout the World: The Americas, 2017.
Source:
United States. Social Security Administration.
Date of Document:
March 2018
Accessed Date:
6 September 2018
Title:
Eligibility Guidelines for Assessing the International Protection Needs of Asylum-Seekers from El Salvador
Source:
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
Date of Document:
March 2016
Accessed Date:
12 April 2016
Keywords:
abduction; armed groups; children; conflict; corruption; crime; disappeared persons; domestic violence; drug trafficking; extralegal executions/killings; femicide; freedom of the press; gangs; gender equality; gender-based violence; government corruption; human rights activists; humanitarian situation; internal displacement; international guidance note; judicial corruption; judicial efficacy; legal system; legislation; organized crime; penal system; police corruption; police efficacy; police/security forces; political organizations; religion; sexual minorities; social services; trafficking in persons; transport infrastructure; witness protection
Title:
El Salvador. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2018.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
13 March 2019
Accessed Date:
25 March 2019
Title:
El Salvador. Amnesty International Report 2017/2018: The State of the World's Human Rights.
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
22 February 2018
Accessed Date:
6 September 2018
Title:
El Salvador. Freedom in the World 2018.
Accessed Date:
6 September 2018
Title:
Concluding observations on the seventh periodic report of El Salvador
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
9 May 2018
Accessed Date:
11 September 2018
Title:
Conclusions and Observations on the IACHR's Working Visit to El Salvador
Source:
Organization of American States. Inter-American Commission on Human Rights.
Date of Document:
29 January 2018
Accessed Date:
6 September 2018
Title:
Consideration of reports submitted by States parties under article 40 of the Covenant pursuant to the optional reporting procedure. Seventh periodic reports of States parties due in 2016. El Salvador.
Date of Document:
23 December 2016
Accessed Date:
6 September 2017
Title:
Common core document forming part of the reports of States parties: El Salvador
Date of Document:
3 April 2017
Accessed Date:
25 September 2017
3.
Identification Documents and Citizenship
Title:
El Salvador's Constitution of 1983 with Amendments through 2014
Accessed Date:
7 September 2016
Keywords:
children; citizenship; legislation; marriage; nationality
Title:
Report on Citizenship Law: El Salvador
Source:
European University Institute. EUDO Citizenship Observatory.
Date of Document:
December 2015
Accessed Date:
7 September 2016
Title:
Birth and death certificates, including procedures for issuing them and the information provided by them
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
28 June 2011
Accessed Date:
17 October 2012
Keywords:
identity documents
Title:
El Salvador. U.S. Visa: Reciprocity and Civil Documents by Country.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Accessed Date:
6 September 2018
4.
Political Activities and Organizations
Title:
Republic of El Salvador. Election for President of 9 March 2014.
Source:
International Foundation for Electoral Systems. Election Guide.
Accessed Date:
23 July 2014
Keywords:
election; political organizations
Title:
El Salvador. Asamblea legislativa (Legislative Assembly).
Source:
Inter-Parliamentary Union. Parline.
Date of Document:
28 May 2018
Accessed Date:
6 September 2018
Title:
El Salvador: Background and U.S. Relations
Source:
United States. Congressional Research Service.
Date of Document:
3 November 2017
Author:
Clare Ribando Seelke
Accessed Date:
11 September 2018
Title:
I. Political Transformation. Transformation Index 2018 Country Report: El Salvador.
Source:
Bertelsmann Stiftung
Accessed Date:
6 September 2018
Title:
Civic Freedom Monitor: El Salvador
Source:
International Center for Not-for-Profit Law
Date of Document:
22 June 2018
Accessed Date:
6 September 2018
Title:
European Union Election Observation Mission El Salvador: Final Report
Source:
European Union External Action Service
Date of Document:
22 May 2018
Accessed Date:
11 September 2018
5.
Gender, Domestic Violence and Children
Title:
Violence against women, including non-domestic sexual violence, legislation, state protection and support services
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
15 September 2015
Accessed Date:
28 September 2015
Keywords:
armed groups; children; corruption; crime; disappeared persons; domestic violence; extralegal executions/killings; femicide; gangs; gender equality; gender-based violence; human rights activists; institutional efficacy; Internet; judicial corruption; judicial efficacy; labour; legal system; legislation; organized crime; penal system; police corruption; police efficacy; police report; police/security forces; political activities; political organizations; sexual violence; social services; statistics; trafficking in persons
Title:
Domestic violence, including legislation, state protection and support services
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
17 September 2015
Accessed Date:
28 September 2015
Keywords:
armed groups; children; corruption; crime; domestic violence; ethnic and national groups; extralegal executions/killings; family law; femicide; freedom of expression; freedom of the press; gangs; gender equality; gender-based violence; government corruption; human rights activists; institutional efficacy; Internet; judicial corruption; judicial efficacy; legal system; legislation; marriage; penal system; police corruption; police efficacy; police report; police/security forces; police/security forces complaints; political activities; political organizations; sexual violence; social services; statistics; transport infrastructure
Title:
Concluding observations on the combined eighth and ninth periodic reports of El Salvador
Source:
United Nations. Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women.
Date of Document:
9 March 2017
Accessed Date:
25 September 2017
Title:
List of issues and questions in relation to the combined eighth and ninth periodic reports of El Salvador. Addendum. Replies by El Salvador.
Code:
CEDAW/C/SLV/Q/8-9/Add.1
Date of Document:
11 January 2017
Accessed Date:
6 September 2017
Title:
Left in the Dark: Violence Against Women and LGBTI Persons in Honduras and El Salvador
Source:
Latin American Working Group
Date of Document:
7 March 2018
Author:
Andrea Fernández Aponte
Accessed Date:
6 September 2018
Title:
El Salvador. Social Institutions and Gender Index 2014.
Source:
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
Accessed Date:
28 November 2014
Keywords:
children; disappeared persons; domestic violence; family law; female genital mutilation; femicide; freedom of movement; gangs; gender equality; gender-based violence; indigenous groups; institutional efficacy; judicial efficacy; labour; marriage; police efficacy; political organizations; sexual minorities; sexual violence
Title:
‘No Safe Place': Salvadorans, Guatemalans and Hondurans Seeking Asylum in Mexico Based on Their Sexual Orientation and/or Gender Identity
Source:
Amnesty International
Date of Document:
27 November 2017
Accessed Date:
6 September 2018
Title:
Uniformed Injustice: State Violence Against LGBT People in El Salvador
Source:
Georgetown Law. Human Rights Institute.
Date of Document:
21 April 2017
Accessed Date:
6 September 2017
Title:
Bias-Motivated Violence Against LGBT People in El Salvador
Source:
Human Rights First
Date of Document:
18 January 2017
Accessed Date:
6 September 2017
7.
Criminality and Corruption
Title:
El Salvador. International Narcotics Control Strategy Report 2018, Volume I: Drug and Chemical Control.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
March 2018
Accessed Date:
6 September 2018
Title:
El Salvador's Violence: No Easy Way Out
Source:
Center for International Policy; Latin America Working Group Education Fund
Date of Document:
August 2016
Author:
Sarah Kinosian et al.
Accessed Date:
6 September 2017
Title:
El Salvador: Tier 2. Trafficking in Persons Report 2018.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
June 2018
Accessed Date:
6 September 2018
Title:
Gangs in Central America
Source:
United States. Congressional Research Service.
Date of Document:
29 August 2016
Author:
Clare Ribando Seelke
Accessed Date:
29 September 2016
Title:
El Salvador. 2018 Crime and Safety Report.
Source:
United States. Overseas Security Advisory Council.
Date of Document:
11 May 2018
Accessed Date:
6 September 2018
Title:
Crime and state efforts to combat crime; state protection for victims and witnesses, including requirements to access programs, statistics on granted and refused applications for protection, duration and effectiveness of these programs (2012-August 2015)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
1 September 2015
Accessed Date:
22 September 2015
Keywords:
abduction; armed groups; conflict; corruption; crime; disappeared persons; drug trafficking; extralegal executions/killings; gangs; institutional efficacy; judicial efficacy; legal system; organized crime; police efficacy; police/security forces; statistics; witness protection
Title:
Anti-gang law enforcement efforts, including anti-gang legislation (2011-2015)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
2 September 2015
Accessed Date:
22 September 2015
Keywords:
crime; gangs; institutional efficacy; judicial efficacy; legal system; legislation; organized crime; penal system; police/security forces; statistics
Title:
Mafia of the Poor: Gang Violence and Extortion in Central America. Latin America Report N°62.
Source:
International Crisis Group
Date of Document:
6 April 2017
Accessed Date:
6 September 2017
Title:
El Salvador Police Running 'Clandestine Jails': Report
Date of Document:
20 September 2017
Accessed Date:
25 September 2017
Title:
El Salvador Prisons and the Battle for the MS13's Soul
Date of Document:
16 February 2017
Author:
Steven Dudley; Juan José Martínez d'Aubuisson
Accessed Date:
6 September 2017
Title:
Disappeared persons and homicide in El Salvador
Author:
Carlos Carcach; Evelyn Artola
Accessed Date:
6 September 2017
Title:
The New Face of Street Gangs: The Gang Phenomenon in El Salvador
Source:
Florida International University. Kimberly Green Latin American and Caribbean Center; Jack D. Gordon Institute for Public Policy.
Author:
José Miguel Cruz et al.
Accessed Date:
6 September 2017
Title:
Issue Paper. El Salvador: Information Gathering Mission Report. Part 1: Gangs in El Salvador and the Situation of Witnesses of Crime and Corruption.
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
September 2016
Accessed Date:
30 September 2016
Title:
Issue Paper. El Salvador: Information Gathering Mission Report. Part 2: The Situation of Women Victims of Violence and of Sexual Minorities in El Salvador.
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
September 2016
Accessed Date:
30 September 2016
8.
Military Service - (No items in this section)
9.
Judiciary, Legal and Penal Systems
Title:
Information on telephone tapping of members of the Supreme Court of Justice of El Salvador, including purpose, duration, and those responsible for the tapping; whether there have been any charges and convictions against those involved; whether...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
26 May 2015
Accessed Date:
13 April 2016
Keywords:
judicial efficacy; police/security forces; state surveillance
Title:
El Salvador's Politics of Perpetual Violence. Latin America & Caribbean Report No 64.
Source:
International Crisis Group
Date of Document:
19 December 2017
Accessed Date:
6 September 2018
Title:
El Salvador Country Profile
Source:
Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces. International Security Sector Advisory Team.
Date of Document:
13 January 2015
Accessed Date:
22 September 2015
Keywords:
arbitrary arrest and detention; armed groups; children; conflict; corruption; country overview; crime; drug trafficking; election; extralegal executions/killings; freedom of assembly; freedom of expression; freedom of the press; gangs; government corruption; institutional efficacy; judicial corruption; judicial efficacy; labour; legal system; legislation; organized crime; penal system; police corruption; police efficacy; police report; police/security forces; political activities; political opposition; political organizations; political prisoners; religion; social services; statistics; transport infrastructure
10.
Police and Security Forces
Title:
El Salvador. A Comparative Atlas of Defence in Latin America and Caribbean: 2016 Edition.
Source:
Latin American Security and Defence Network
Accessed Date:
7 September 2017
Title:
Police corruption and abuse; government measures to fight police corruption and abuse; police oversight mechanisms and their effectiveness; procedures for filing complaints against police officers
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
8 September 2015
Accessed Date:
23 September 2015
Keywords:
arbitrary arrest and detention; corruption; crime; institutional efficacy; judicial efficacy; legal system; penal system; police corruption; police efficacy; police report; police/security forces; police/security forces complaints; statistics
Title:
The organizational structure of the National Civil Police (Policia Nacional Civil, PNC)
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
22 June 2012
Accessed Date:
17 October 2012
Keywords:
institutional efficacy; legislation; police efficacy; police/security forces
Title:
Kidnapping and abductions; steps required for kidnapping victims to denounce perpetrators and whether they must identify their kidnappers; information on the anti-kidnapping unit, including information on protection offered to police officers...
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
22 June 2012
Accessed Date:
17 October 2012
Keywords:
abduction; crime; disappeared persons; gangs; institutional efficacy; judicial efficacy; organized crime; police efficacy; police report; police/security forces; witness protection
Title:
Report of the Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions on her mission to El Salvador
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
18 June 2018
Accessed Date:
6 September 2018
Title:
Procedures for reporting a crime and obtaining a copy of a police report; whether a copy of a police report can be obtained by a person who is outside the country or by a third person
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
18 September 2015
Accessed Date:
28 September 2015
Title:
El Salvador: Gang Violence and Growing Abuses by State Security Forces
Source:
Latin America Working Group
Date of Document:
13 November 2017
Accessed Date:
6 September 2018
Title:
El Salvador. Freedom of the Press 2016.
Accessed Date:
25 September 2017
Title:
El Salvador. International Religious Freedom Report for 2017.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
29 May 2018
Accessed Date:
6 September 2018
13.
Nationality, Ethnicity and Race - (No items in this section)
14.
Exit/Entry and Freedom of Movement
Title:
Documents required and procedures to follow when one parent travels abroad with a minor in the absence of, or without the consent of, the other parent
Source:
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Date of Document:
22 June 2010
Accessed Date:
17 October 2012
Keywords:
children; identity documents
Title:
Report of the Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons on her visit to El Salvador
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
23 April 2018
Accessed Date:
6 September 2018
Title:
Putting Lives at risk. Protection Failures Affecting Hondurans and Salvadorans Deported from the United States and Mexico.
Source:
Refugees International
Date of Document:
February 2018
Accessed Date:
6 September 2018
Title:
Temporary Protected Status Designated Country: El Salvador
Source:
United States. Citizenship and Immigration Services.
Date of Document:
9 May 2018
Accessed Date:
6 September 2018
15.
Labour, Employment and Unions
Title:
Report of the Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences, on her mission to El Salvador
Source:
United Nations. Human Rights Council.
Date of Document:
3 August 2016
Accessed Date:
7 September 2017
16.
Other - (No items in this section)
The following changes have been made to the previous package dated 28 September 2018:
Title:
El Salvador. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2017.
Source:
United States. Department of State.
Date of Document:
20 April 2018
URL:
http://www.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/humanrightsreport/index.htm?year=2017&dlid=277331
Accessed Date:
23 April 2018
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National Documentation Packages (NDPs) include country-of-origin information that is publicly accessible at the time of publication and available within time constraints. While the Research Directorate strives to maintain the
NDP with current information, the research is not exhaustive and country conditions can change rapidly. Members of the public are invited to
suggest documents they feel are relevant to the
NDP.
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IRB members (decision-makers) after considering the evidence and arguments presented by the parties.
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NDP. It cannot guarantee or be responsible for:
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The information presented in
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IRB or the Government of Canada.